Peran Negara dalam Kebijakan Industrialisasi di Korea Selatan Studi Kasus terhadap Pohang Iron and Steel Company (POSCO)

Poltak Sihol Pangihutan Siahaan, Riza Noer Arfani

2009 | Skripsi | Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

This bachelor thesis tries to examine the success story of South Korea’s rapid economic development in the 1960s and 1970s. The rapid growth came from the decision made by the government to promote the Heavy and Chemical Industrialization Policy (HCIP) that focused the economic development in six industrial core sectors. The HCIP was the basis for the Pohang Iron and Steel Company (POSCO) establishment in the late 1960s. The POSCO itself, however, was the evidence of the deep government’s intervention in the economy. The government involvement spanned from the planning of the firm to the policy made to ensure the firm achieved the targets that made by the government. The strong power exercised by the government came from the power delegated by the political elites of the state. The government then implemented the “carrot and stick” methods to control the business groups of the state. This thesis uses the concept of developmental state and tries to examine the developmental character of South Korea with the conceptual framework of transformative/developmental state introduced by Linda Weiss. In the end part of the thesis, I argued that the declining character of South Korea’s developmental state in the late 1980s, after the assassination of President Park Chung Hee, have made the state lost its “make sure” mechanism over the business groups. The growing power of the chaebol that influenced the policy making mechanism after the military regime, has became the prerequisite for the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. Keywords: South Korea, developmental state, transformative state, military regime, Park Chung Hee, HCI, POSCO, East Asian Miracle, rapid economic growth, five year plan.

Kata Kunci : Industri ; Kebijakan Pemerintah Korea