Dinamika The Japan - US Security Alliance Tahun 1951-1997

MULARATNASARI, Rahadyasti, Rahadyasti Mularanasari

2004 | Skripsi | Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Indonesia had been implemented poverty alleviation programs since its independence through various approaches such as regional development approach, community development and basic needs fulfillment approach. Within the last seven years, between 2001 and 2008, budget allocation for poverty alleviation program increased significantly. However, the increased budget was not followed by the decrease of the number of poor people, even experienced stagnation. According to report and evaluation published by the National Team for Poverty Alleviation (TKPK), ineffectiveness of poverty alleviation efforts caused by some problems such as bad coordination in policy planning, budgeting, updating data and dysfunction of institution aimed to support poverty alleviation efforts. In responding some causes of ineffectiveness of poverty alleviation efforts, in the 30th April 2007, the government of Indonesia has launched the National Program for Community Empowerment (PNPM Mandiri). This flagship program is an umbrella policy that functioned as a medium to coordinate, integrate and harmonize poverty alleviation programs into one umbrella. This research assesses how implementation of PNPM Mandiri as an umbrella policy in alleviate poverty in Indramayu regency, especially in two sub districts, which are Kandanghaur sub districts and Lohbener sub districts, done by some implementers. Some factors have been analyzed to identify which factor has significant influence to the successful of PNPM Mandiri implementation. This research revealed some conclusions, which are: i) community participation increased, but more procedural; instead of substantial. This can be seen from community enthusiasm, especially women participation in attending village meeting such in dissemination program meeting, program planning, program implementing and output maintaining; 2) Coordination in PNPM Mandiri implementation has not been taken optimally yet as mandated in general guidance of PNPM Mandiri; 3) capacity of supporting institution of PNPM Mandiri has not functioned optimum. This can be identified from conflicts between villagers happened in competing grant from PNPM Mandiri; 4) the level of self-reliance as a result of empowerment process has not been achieved yet. This can be identified from willingness of community in sustaining the result of PNPM Mandiri and their dependence to PNPM grant in doing most of village activities. Social capital, in terms of norm, trust, and network has been built, even though still in small level. This can be seen from community awareness in Wirapanjunan sub districts that argue poverty is a common responsibility, every people has responsibility to alleviate poverty. Some recommendations suggested in this research are: 1) community participation need to be increased as a key of program succeed; not only higher participation would make program planning easier, but also it would increase community ownership to sustain the result or output of PNPM Mandiri; 2) Design of PNPM Mandiri need to be revised to accommodate community needs. Therefore, menus offered by PNPM Mandiri should be based on community wants; 3) supporting institution of PNPM Mandiri need to be reoriented in order BKM and UPK can be the real institution for empowering community; instead of doing administrative matters; 4) In order to be more effective, PNPM Mandiri need to be integrated to other poverty alleviation program and consider local institution in implementation of program.

Kata Kunci : HUbungan Internasional