Pengaruh Tekanan Internasional dan Domestik dalam Pembentukan Kebijakan Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act Amerika Serikat Tahun 2009

Puguh Toko Arisanto, Mohtar Masoed

2016 | Tesis | Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

ABSTRACT In 2009, the U.S government issued a domestic tobacco control act, so called FSPTCA. FSPTCA adopting some provisions of the WHO FCTC contains two controversies banning flavored cigarettes but excepting menthol cigarettes almost all produced by domestic tobacco indU.Stries and involving tobacco indU.Stry participation in decision making a committee arrangement called TPSCA. The author assumes that the establishment of the policy is influenced by international and domestic pressure. Therefore, this research is addressed to envisage the influence of international and domestic pressure in the case of the FSPTCA establishment in 2009. To explain the focus of this research, the author applies two level games approach emphasizing the relations between international and domestic level faced by policy makers. Policy makers seek to meet international and domestic pressure to yield a win-win solution. These results show the establishment of FSPTCA is influenced by international and domestic pressure. U.S government seeks to meet two such pressures. At international level, U.S government deals with FCA and health facts urging U.S to ratify WHO FCTC. At domestic level are two actors posing contradictive interests. U.S tobacco companies through their economic and political contributions become an important consideration for the U.S government not to ratify the WHO FCTC. On the other hand, civil society groups consitently urge the U.S government through various means to ratify the WHO FCTC. Therefore, pressures from the international and domestic level push the U.S government to issue FSPTCA as a win-win solution. Keywords: FSPTCA, Two Level Games, International and Domestic Pressure.

Kata Kunci : Politik Domestik - Amerika Serikat