Kuasa Berlapis di dalam Pertukaran Sumber Daya:(Studi kasus tentang Karakter Patronase di Alun-alun Kidul Yogyakarta

Erisandi Arditama, Nur Azizah

2015 | Tesis | Politik dan Pemerintahan

Abstract This study discusses how the character of patronage which fully controls over Alun-Alun Kidul Yogyakarta. This research is important to do, because, studies that look at how patronage practice that are integrated into the local cultural value system is still restricted. So far, study on patronage still remains on two main discussion topics: whether patronage has happened and how the patronage itself. Thus, along the development, the study of patronage is necessary to consider pre-condition factors deeper as the space for the emergence, growth, and development of patronage itself. Therefore, the character of patronage that happens can be understood more contextual and facilitate efforts to explain the variance in the power relations between diverse actors within it. To discuss patronage characteristics locked by local value system, research question posed in this study is: how the character of patronage which fully controls over Alun-alun Kidul Yogyakarta? This study uses Eisendstadt notion as an analistic tool to analyze how power relation occurs in patronage practice. His notion on generalized resource exchange helps research to find and formulate distinctiveness of patronage characteristics that is integrated into Java cultural value. This study was closed by a conclusion that offers a different perspective of looking at patronage and argues that patronage practice needs to be studied more widely from relation perspective between patronage with the emergence and development of the local regime. This idea is offered to frame complexity of relations between actors with different interests; including the tendency of patron and client to preserve the patronage practice itself. Research at Alun-Alun Kidul has found distinctive patronage characters, namely, patronage with the power pyramid model. The power pyramid is built by three layers of power relations within it. The first layer as basic layer at the same time is power relation between resource owners and workers. Patronage relations frame relations within it as long as there is a resource exchanged directly. Thus, many patronages found among ornamental bike owners, culinary businesses, parking lots ruler, with the workers. The second layer is the power relation between association members with Paparasi as an organization which manages all businesses in Alun-Alun Kidul. Patronage is not found in this layer, because, there is no resource exchange and mutual benefit binding each other. Adherence to the organization is just to obey the will of Palace. The last one is the top layer of power pyramid. Palace institution occupies the top layer as the main patron nurturing and being adhered to by all actors. Alun-Alun Kidul is a resource that is exchanged by the Palace. With palilah system, Palace affirms its influence over Alun-Alun Kidul, including the effects on Yogyakarta government and the private sector. Keywords: patronage, power pyramid, local regime

Kata Kunci : Etika Politik; Perubahan Sosial