Diplomasi Perdagangan Tekstil dan Produk Tekstil Indonesia ke Pasar Non Tradisional melalui Global Value Chain

Septian Nur Yekti, Siti Daulah Khoiriati

2015 | Tesis | Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Abstract Textile and Textile Products industry is one of the most important industries in almost all developing countries, including Indonesia. Since the beginning of industrialization phase in Indonesia, this industry has already had the good track record of contribution to the Indonesian economy, both in the contribution toward gross domestic product (GDP) and the absorption of workforce. In 2014, this industry contributed 1,89% toward Indonesian GDP and absorb 2.404.431 workforce in 2009. This industry was in reached its peak of success in 1992 with export value US$ 6,1 billion. However, the change of regulation in global trade of Textile and Textile Products and many of competitions among competitor countries become the significant challenge. In 2005, Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA) regime regulating export quota of Textile and Textile Products from developing to developed countries ended. Global trade for Textile regulation then follow the World Trade Organization (WTO) regulation which emphasizes principle of trade liberalization, non-discrimination, and most favoured nation. In one side, this regulation gives a good chance for Indonesia since the trade liberalization ends the quota system that limits the export amount. In the other side, this system gives the challenge since Indonesia has to compete with the competitor countries which sometimes have higher efficiency and better comparative advantage. There are several alternatives to deal with situation; one of them is market diversification to the non traditional countries market. The effort to penetrate to those market was done by coordinated trade diplomacy between various actors, both government and non-government actors. The strategy used is similar to the general diplomacy which involves diplomacy functions such as lobbying, representing, and information gathering. Those functions are applied in rational action of trade diplomacy such as G to G negotiation, business meeting, and information gathering in related country. To increase term of trade, this thesis involves global value chain (GVC) analysis. The analysis emphasizes on the strategy of value added analysed through the component of barrier to entry and rent in GVC. This analysis also involves the mapping of Indonesian Textile and Textile Products in the global value chain and the role of trade diplomacy in strengthening the position of Indonesian Textile and Textiles Products in every chain. The analysis in this thesis uses case study Region of East and Middle Europe. This region is considered representative as the potential non traditional market country based on politic and economic factors such as GDP, purchasing parity power (PPP), the ability as hub countries and the need of Textile and Textiles Products. Key word : Textile and Textile Products, Non Traditional Countries Market, Trade Diplomacy, Global Value Chain

Kata Kunci : Diplomasi Perdagangan - Indonesia