KORELASI GEJALA ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER DENGAN GEJALA BIPOLAR PADA ANAK DI POLIKLINIK TUMBUH KEMBANG RSUP DR. SARDJITO

SHINTA RETNO KUSUMOWATI, Dr. dr. Budi Pratiti, Sp.KJ.; dr. Ronny Tri Wirasto, SpKJ

2017 | Tesis-Spesialis | SP PSIKIATRI

Latar belakang: Komorbiditas antara attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) dengan gangguan bipolar menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara kedua gangguan tersebut. Komorbiditas tersebut sangat mungkin disebabkan karena adanya gejala-gejala yang mirip/overlapping antara ADHD dengan gangguan bipolar, khususnya manik. Gejala-gejala yang mirip tersebut antara lain hiperaktivitas motorik dan perhatian yang mudah teralih. Gejala-gejala yang mirip antara kedua gangguan ini juga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya ketidakpastian diagnosis atau misdiagnosis. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui korelasi gejala attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder dengan gejala bipolar pada anak di Poliklinik Tumbuh Kembang RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Metode: Penelitian non-experimental dengan rancangan cross sectional. Subjek adalah seluruh pasien Poliklinik Tumbuh Kembang RSUP Dr. Sardjito berusia 7 - 17 tahun. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder diukur menggunakan instrumen Skala Penilaian Perilaku Anak Hiperaktif Indonesia (SPPAHI). Bipolar pada anak diukur menggunakan Child Behavior Checklist-Pediatric Bipolar Disorder Profile (CBCL-PBD). Data dianalisa menggunakan software IBM SPSS versi 23.0 dengan uji korelasi Pearson dan uji T tidak berpasangan. Hasil: Terdapat korelasi yang bermakna secara statistik antara skor SPPAHI dengan skor CBCL-PBD (p < 0,001; r = 0591). Tidak terdapat korelasi yang bermakna secara statistik antara usia dengan skor SPPAHI (p = 0,422) maupun skor CBCL-PBD (p = 0,425). Tidak terdapat perbedaan rerata skor SPPAHI (p = 0,914) dan rerata skor CBCL-PBD (p = 0,598) antara anak laki-laki dan anak perempuan. Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara gejala attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder dengan gejala bipolar pada anak di Poliklinik Tumbuh Kembang RSUP Dr. Sardjito.

Background: Comorbidity of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorders shows the existence of association between the two disorders. Overlapping symptoms, such as hyperactivity and distractibility, are likely to contribute to comorbidity of ADHD and bipolar disorders, particularly mania. Overlapping symptoms between the two disorders may also cause diagnosis uncertainty and misdiagnosis. Objectives: To examine the correlation between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and pediatric bipolar symptoms at Poliklinik Tumbuh Kembang RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Methods: Non-experimental study with cross sectional design. Subjects were all patients of Poliklinik Tumbuh Kembang RSUP Dr. Sardjito between 7 - 17 years of age. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder was measured using Skala Penilaian Perilaku Anak Hiperaktif Indonesia (SPPAHI). Pediatric bipolar was measured using Child Behavior Checklist - Pediatric Bipolar Disorder Profile (CBCL-PBD). Data were analysed using IBM SPSS software 23.0 with Pearson correlation test and unpaired t-test. Results: Significant correlation was found between SPPAHI score and CBCLPBD score CBCL-PBD (p < 0,001; r = 0591). There were no statistically significant correlation between age and SPPAHI score (p = 0,422), as well as CBCL-PBD score (p = 0,425). There were no means differences between boys and girls in terms of SPPAHI score (p = 0,914) and CBCL-PBD score (p = 0,598). Conclusion: Significant correlation was found between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and pediatric bipolar symptoms at Poliklinik Tumbuh Kembang RSUP Dr. Sardjito.

Kata Kunci : ADHD, bipolar, pediatric, symptom, bipolar, anak, gejala