TUMPANG TINDIH RELUNG ANTAR SPESIES MAMALIA PELAYANG PADA KANOPI HUTAN KEMUNING KABUPATEN TEMANGGUNG JAWA TENGAH

RYAN ADI SATRIA, Dr. Muhammad Ali Imron, S.Hut., M.Sc.; Prof. Dr. Erny Poedjirahajoe, M.P.

2017 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Hutan Kemuning adalah ekosistem hutan dataran rendah tropis yang mulai terusik oleh aktivitas perkebunan kopi di bawah naungan. Kondisi yang alami menjadikannya sebagai habitat bagi spesies mamalia pelayang seperti Kendung (Galeopterus variegatus), Beluk (Petaurista petaurista), dan Walangkopo (Iomys horsfieldii). Terletak di kawasan ungsian yang tersisa di Pulau Jawa dengan penduduknya yang padat, ditambah dengan kemiripan morfologi dan sifatnya yang arboreal, menyebabkan satwa harus berbagi sumber daya yang tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui karakteristik habitat mamalia pelayang, (2) mengetahui sebaran spasial dan penggunaan ruang mamalia pelayang, dan (3) mengidentifikasi tumpang tindih relung antar spesies mamalia pelayang di Hutan Kemuning. Area studi dibagi ke dalam grid-grid sistematis berukuran 200 x 200 m. Sebanyak 30 grid dilakukan pengukuran habitat dengan metode plotless sampling dan protocol plot. Sebaran dan posisi satwa dicatat dengan metode night survei. Data karaktersitik habitat dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Pola sebaran satwa dianalisis dengan Indeks Dispersi. Tumpang tindih relung diidentifikasi dengan Indeks Levins dan Indeks Pianka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik habitat mamalia pelayang berbeda dengan lokasi yang tidak digunakan, yaitu dicirikan dengan jarak antar pohon yang lebih rendah, rerata ketinggian pohon yang lebih tinggi, kemiringan lereng yang lebih curam, serta keberadaan liana perambat yang lebih banyak. Sebaran mamalia pelayang secara keseluruhan termasuk acak (ID: 0.53). Beluk cenderung tersebar seragam (ID: 0.81); Kendung mengelompok (ID: 1.34); dan Walangkopo mengelompok (ID: 01.28). Tumpang tindih relung tertinggi berdasarkan ruang ialah antara Kendung - Walangkopo (0.76), diikuti oleh Beluk - Kendung (0.57) dan Beluk - Walangkopo (0.29).

Kemuning Forest is tropical lowland forest ecosystems which began to be disturbed by shade-grown coffee plantation activity. The natural condition serves as habitat for gliding mammal species, such as Colugo (Galeopterus variegatus), Red Giant Flying Squirrel (Petaurista petaurista), and Javan Flying Squirrel (Iomys horsfieldii). Located in highly populated Island of Java, added with the similarity of its morphology and arboreal characteristic, leads mammals to have to share the available resources. This study aims to (1) determine the habitat characteristics of gliding mammals, (2) to determine the spatial distribution and utilization of gliding mammals, and (3) to identify the niche overlap between gliding mammal species in Kemuning Forest. Systematic 200 x 200 m grids located throughout the study area. A total of 30 grid habitat measurement was conducted using plotless sampling and protocol plot method. Distribution and position of mammals recorded using night survey method. Habitat characteristic data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. The spatial dispersal pattern of wildlife was analyzed using Ludwig & Reynold's Dispersion Index. The niche overlap between species was identified using Levins Index and Pianka Index. The results showed that habitat characteristics of gliding mammals are differ from available habitat. It is indicated by the lower distance between trees, higher average tree height, steeper slope, and the existence of liana and vines. The overall dispersion of mammal categorized as random (ID: 0.53). Red Giant Flying Squirrel tends to be uniformly distributed (ID: 0.81); Colugo categorized as clumped (ID: 1.34); And Javan Flying Squirrel tends to be clumped (ID: 01.28). The highest niche overlap based on spatial use was between Colugo - Javan Flying Squirrel (0.76), followed respectively by Red Giant Flying Squirrel - Colugo (0.57) and the Red Giant Flying Squirrel - Javan Flying Squirrel (0:29).

Kata Kunci : red giant flying squirrel, javan flying squirrel, malayan colugo, night survey, pianka