Aktivisme Transnasional untuk Mengakhiri Sexual Exploitation of Children in Travel and Tourism (SECTT) dalam Pemenuhan The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography (OPSC) di Indonesia

ESTER MARGARETHA, Dra. Siti Daulah Khoiriati, MA

2017 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

Pada 24 September 2001, Indonesia menandatangani Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography (OPSC), Protokol Opsional dari Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Tepat 11 tahun kemudian, Indonesia baru melakukan ratifikasi atas OPSC. Kewajiban-kewajiban pasca ratifikasi kemudian harus dilaksanakan dalam memastikan pemenuhan OPSC. Namun, hampir lima tahun pasca ratifikasi, Pemerintah Indonesia baru memutuskan untuk merancang state report, salah satu kewajiban krusial dalam pemenuhan hukum HAM internasional yang seharusnya diserahkan kurang lebih dua tahun sejak ratifikasi. Di sisi lain, peningkatan urgensi isu Sexual Exploitation of Children in Travel and Tourism (SECTT) di berbagai belahan dunia, termasuk Indonesia, kenyataannya menjadi perhatian internasional. Oleh karena itu, pemenuhan OPSC menjadi upaya legal transnasional yang paling signifikan dalam mengakhiri SECTT. Adapun kemunculan berbagai aktor non-negara, mulai dari jaringan advokasi transnasional hingga sektor swasta, kian berperan dalam proses pemenuhan norma internasional yang ada. Sehingga penelitian ini mengangkat krusialitas presensi aktor non-negara melalui aktivisme transnasional untuk mengakhiri SECTT dalam mendorong pemenuhan OPSC di Indonesia, baik dalam proses menuju ratifikasi maupun implementasi pasca ratifikasi.

On September 24, 2001, Indonesia signed the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography (OPSC), The Optional Protocol of Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Precisely 11 years later, Indonesia ratified the OPSC. The obligations post ratification then should be done to ensure the compliance of OPSC. Nevertheless, almost five years following the ratification, The Government of Indonesia has just decided to design the state report, one of the most crucial obligations of international human rights law which should be submitted about two years since ratification. On the other hand, the increasing urgency of Sexual Exploitation of Children in Travel and Tourism (SECTT) in many countries, including Indonesia, has raised international concern. Thus, OPSC compliance becomes the most significant legal transnational effort in ending SECTT. The emergence of various non-state actors, ranging from transnational advocacy networks to the private sectors, play an increasing role in the process of compliance of the international norms. This research, hence, raises the pivotal role of non-state actors through transnational activism to end SECTT in encouraging OPSC compliance in Indonesia, both in the process towards ratification and post-ratification implementation.

Kata Kunci : Pemenuhan OPSC, SECTT, Indonesia, Aktivisme Transnasional, Sosialisasi Norma, Proses Legal Transnasional, Spiral Model