HUBUNGAN PENAMBAHAN BERAT BADAN BERLEBIH PADA IBU SELAMA HAMIL DENGAN KEJADIAN PREEKLAMPSIA DI RSUD PANEMBAHAN SENOPATI BANTUL

MEGA NIDARWATI LAHAG, FITRA DUHITA, M.Keb; NABILA ZUHDY, SST., M.Kes

2017 | Tugas Akhir | D4 BIDAN PENDIDIK SV

Preeklampsia diperkirakan terjadi pada lima persen kehamilan dan disebabkan berbagai faktor salah satunya penambahan berat badan berlebih pada ibu selama hamil. Lemak berlebih menyebabkan oksidatif stress, meningkatkan sensitivitas (angiontensi I, tromboksan dan endotelin I) dan vasospasme arteri spiralis sehingga menyebabkan preeklampsia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan penambahan berat badan berlebih pada ibu selama hamil dengan kejadian preeklampsia. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain case control. Populasi target adalah semua ibu hamil sedangkan populasi terjangkau adalah semua ibu hamil di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul periode Januari-Desember 2015. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Data diperoleh dari rekam medik. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square (α =0,05). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 120 responden kelompok kasus 79 responden (65,8%) dengan penambahan berat badan berlebih sedangkan dari 120 responden kelompok kontrol didapatkan 22 responden (18,3%) dengan penambahan berat badan berlebih. Uji statistik didapatkan p-value = 0,001 artinya ada hubungan penambahan berat badan berlebih pada ibu selama hamil dengan kejadian preeklampsia dengan nilai OR =8,583 artinya ibu hamil dengan penambahan berat badan berlebih selama hamil memiliki risiko mengalami preeklampsia 8 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan penambahan berat badan normal selama hamil. Pemantauan penambahan berat badan selama hamil perlu dilakukan sebagai upaya preventif resiko tinggi pada kehamilan salah satunya preeklampsia.

Preeclampsia occured in five percents of pregnancies and due to various factors one of which over weight gain during. Excess fat caused oxidative stress, increased sensitivity (angiontensi 1) thrombosaxane and endothelin 1) and spiral artery vasospasm causing preeclampsia. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between the over weight gain during pregnancy and preeclampsia. The method of this research was case control design. The population targets were all the pregnant women while the reached population was all the pregnant women at Panembahan Senopati Hospital of Bantul from January to December 2015. The samples were taken using purposive sampling from the medical record. Data was analized using chi square (α =0.05). The result of the research showed that from 120 respondents in Case Group, there were 79 respondents (65,8%) experiencing over weight gain during pregnancy. While in control group from 120 respondents there were 22 respondents (18,3%) over weight gain during pregnancy. The statistica test showed p-value = 0,001. It means that there were relationship between the over weight gain during pregnancy and preeclampsia proved by the OR = 8,583. So, over weight gain during pregnancy will have 8 times risk to preeclampsia than normal weight gain during pregnancy. Monitoring during pregnancy needs to be done to prevent a high risk of pregnancy one them is preeclampsia.

Kata Kunci : Penambahan berat badan ibu hamil, preeklampsia.