PENGARUH BERKUMUR EKSTRAK STROBERI (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne) KONSENTRASI 45% TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI PLAK (kajian in vitro)

SUCI ANANDA, Dr.drg. Alma Linggar Jonarta M.Kes ; drg. Tetianan Haniastuti M.Kes, Ph.D

2017 | Skripsi | S1 HIGIENE GIGI

Akumulasi plak gigi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut karena menyebabkan karies serta penyakit periodontal. Obat kumur yang mengandung bahan kimia mampu menghambat pembentukan plak. Penggunaan bahan kimia jangka panjang menimbulkan efek samping seperti pewarnaan pada gigi. Stroberi merupakan salah satu buah yang menggandung bahan aktif seperti flavonoid dan tannin serta memiliki aktifitas antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh berkumur ekstrak stroberi konsentrasi 45% terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri plak. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 20 orang subjek yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok. Kelompok pertama merupakan kelompok perlakuan yang berkumur ekstrak stroberi konsentrasi 45% setelah menyikat gigi dengan teratur selama 5 hari. Kelompok kedua adalah kelompok kontrol yang hanya menyikat gigi saja. Indeks plak diukur menggunakan metode PHP-M. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann Whitney. Untuk menghitung pertumbuhan bakteri, plak pada permukaan bukal molar pertama diambil dan dikultur pada media BHI. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Independent T-test. Rerata indeks plak dan densitas optik kelompok perlakuan lebih rendah dari kelompok kontrol. Hasil analisis uji independent T-test (p=0,001) dan uji Mann Whitney (p=0,005) menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol (p<0,005). Disimpulkan bahwa berkumur ekstrak stroberi konsentrasi 45% mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri plak.

Accumulation of dental plaque is one of the oral health problems because it can be the causes of dental caries and periodontal disease. Mouth rinse contain chemical material that could inhibit plaque formation. Long term application of chemical material as a mouth rinse may cause some side effects such as tooth discoloritation and taste alteration. Strawberry is one of the fruits which contains active materials such as flavonoid and tannin that have an antibacterial activities. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of mouth rinsing using 45% strawberry extract toward the growth of bacterial plaque. This study was conducted on 20 subjects divided into 2 groups. The first group was the treatment group that rinsed 45% strawberry extract after brushing their teeth for 5 consecutive days. The second group was the control group that brushed the teeth only. The plaque index was then measured using PHP-M method. The data obtained were analyzed using Mann Whitney test. To calculate the gowth of the bacterial plaque attached in the buccal surface of first molar was taken and cultured in BHI broth. The optical density of the solution was measured using spectrophotometry λ=600nm. The data were analyzed using Independent t-test. The mean of the plaque index and optical density of the treatment group was lower than the control group. Analysis of independent T-test (p=0,001) and Mann Whitney test (p=0,005) result showed that there were significant difference of the plaque indexs and optical density between the treatment and the control group (p<0,005). It is concluded that rinsing mouth with 45% strawberry extract inhibit the growth of bacterial plaque.

Kata Kunci : berkumur, ekstrak stroberi, bakteri plak