DATA MORFOMETRIK DAN INDEKS TUBUH KUDA SANDALWOOD (Equus caballus) DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

MUHAMMAD NUR FAIZ MAHFUDZ, drh. Dwi Liliek Kusindarta, M.P., Ph.D.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik Nasional, populasi kuda di Indonesia meningkat dari tahun 2014 hingga 2016, tetapi menurut Rahmah (2013), populasi kuda lokal Indonesia mengalami penurunan populasi sebesar 0,8% setiap tahun. Sebelum kemurnian dan keberagaman genetik semakin terancam, diperlukan adanya penyediaan data morfometrik dan upaya konservasi kuda lokal Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data morfometrik dan indeks tubuh Kuda Sandalwood secara umum di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, membandingkan dengan data Kuda Sumba atau Kuda Sandalwood asli, sekaligus mengevaluasi konformasi terhadap kriteria konformasi ideal. Data yang diperoleh dapat menjadi dasar dari perkembangan studi yang akan datang. Tiga puluh empat ekor Kuda Sandalwood berusia lebih atau sama dengan empat tahun digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Pengukuran dilakukan pada 22 parameter, yaitu tinggi pundak, punggung, dan pinggul; kedalaman dada dan pinggul; panjang kepala, leher, tubuh, scapula, humerus, lengan depan, metacarpal, femur, gaskin, dan metatarsal; jarak antarmata, lebar rahang, dada, dan pinggul; lingkar dada, metacarpal, dan metatarsal. Indeks tubuh dihitung untuk mengetahui proporsi dan performa kuda. Indeks yang dihitung, yaitu indeks scapula, humerus, lengan depan, panjang metacarpal, trunkus, femur, gaskin, panjang metatarsal, lingkar metacarpal, humerus-badan, tubuh, kaki-dada, beban pada metacarpal, rasio tubuh, indeks kuadrat, kepadatan tubuh 1, dan kepadatan tubuh 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kuda Sandalwood memiliki ukuran tubuh yang masih sesuai dengan ukuran Kuda Sandalwood asli, memiliki proporsi tubuh yang baik dan ideal, serta memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan kecepatan maupun kekuatannya. Hasil analisis T-test independen pada ukuran tubuh menunjukkan ada perbedaan rerata antara kuda betina dan jantan yang signifikan secara statistik pada lingkar dada (P<0,05).

Based on National Statistical Centre, horse population in Indonesia had been increasing from 2014 to 2016, but according to Rahmah (2013), Indonesian local horse population had been decreasing by 0.8% each year. Before the genetic purity and diversity is threatened even more, it is needed to do conservation efforts and provision of morphometric data. This study is aimed to obtain morphometric and body index data of Sandalwood Horse in general in Special Region of Yogyakarta, to compare the data with Sumba or Sandalwood Horse as its origin, as well as to evaluate its conformation according to ideal horse conformation. These data can be of use as the basis for the development of future studies. Thirty four Sandalwood Horses aged four and/or above were used. Measurements were made on 22 parameters: withers, back, and croup heights; chest and croup depths; head, neck, body, scapula, humerus, forearm, metacarpal, femur, gaskin, and metatarsal lengths; eye to eye, jaw, chest, and croup widths; heart girth; metacarpal, and metatarsal cirumferences. Body indices were calculated to understand proportions and performances of the horse: index of scapula, humerus, forearm, metacarpal length, trunks, femur, gaskin, metatarsus length, metacarpus circumference, arm-trunk, body index, dactyl-thoracic index, weight on cannonbone index, body ratio, quadratic index, compactness index 1, and compactness index 2. Based on this study, Sandalwood Horses body measurements are still in match with its origin as well as considered ideal and well-proportioned. On top of that, they have the intermediate aptitudes for speed as well as strength. Independent T-test analysis on body measurements shows statistically significant difference between female and male horses for heart girth (P<0.05).

Kata Kunci : Kuda Sandalwood, morfometrik, indeks, tubuh, konformasi, ideal