Studi Pembuatan Perisai Radiasi Tembus Pandang Dengan Paduan Barium Acrylic Sebagai Alternatif Pengganti Kaca Timbal

LUTHFIL HADI, Ir. Ester Wijayanti, M.T.;Ir. Anung Muharini, M.T

2017 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK NUKLIR

Perisai radiasi tembus pandang umumnya terbuat dari paduan kaca dan timbal. Kaca timbal digunakan pada jendela ruang kontrol pada instalasi radiodiagnostik maupun kedokteran nuklir di rumah sakit, pada lemari penyimpanan sumber radiasi dan glove box. Tingginya harga kaca timbal dan sifat kaca timbal yang masih mudah pecah, menuntut adanya alternatif untuk menggantikan peran kaca timbal sebagai perisai radiasi tembus pandang. Pada penelitian ini digunakan resin bening acrylic sebagai pengganti kaca, garam yang digunakan adalah Barium Chloride Dyhidrate (BaCl2.2H2O). Sampel dibuat dengan variasi komposisi 100% acrylic, 10% Ba, 20% Ba dan 30% Ba. Sampel diuji menggunakan sinar-X 42 kV, 90Sr, 137Cs, dan uji densitas. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, didapatkan hasil nilai koefisien atenuasi sampel dengan sumber 90Sr komposisi: 100% acrylic 9,336±0,966 cm-1, 10% Ba 9,685±0,984 cm-1, 20% Ba 9,923±0,996 cm-1, dan 30% Ba 11,748±1,083 cm-1. Nilai koefisien atenuasi sampel dengan sumber 137Cs komposisi: 100% acrylic 1,843±1,029 cm-1, 10% Ba 1,861±1,028 cm-1, 20% Ba 2,030±1,037 cm-1, dan 30% Ba 2,112±1,033 cm-1. Nilai koefisien atenuasi pada eksposi sinar-X 42 kV komposisi: 100% acrylic 2,178±0,1214 cm-1, 10% Ba 3,701±0,1386 cm-1, 20% Ba 3,643±0,1294 cm-1, dan 30% Ba 4,087±0,0880 cm-1. Nilai densitas terukur pada komposisi: 100% acrylic 1,08±0,01 g.ml-1, 10% Ba 1,09±0,01 g.ml-1, 20% Ba 1,10±0,02 g.ml-1, dan 30% Ba 1,08±0,01 g.ml-1. Dari hasil pengujian tidak ada yang memenuhi standar untuk bisa menggantikan kaca timbal sebagai perisai radiasi.

Commonly, a transparent radiation shielding are made from lead and glass compound. Lead glass are used as a control room windows in radiodiagnostic and nuclear medicine installation, in radiation source storage, and glove box. Lead glass has disadvantages such as, it has very expensive price and brittle, so it can be easily broken. Those disadvantages are the reason to find another material to replace lead glass as a transparent radiation shielding. In this study, transparent acrylic resin is choosen to replace glass, and the type of Pb that used in this study are Barium Chloride Dyhidrate (BaCl2.2H2O). Compositions that is used in this study are 100% acrylic, 10% Pb, 20% Pb and 30% Pb. Samples that have been made, were tested with 42 kV of X-ray, 90Sr, 137Cs, density, and compression strength testing. Increase the lead composition can make value of attenuation coefficient and density increase too, but decrease the value of compression strength from that sample. Based on the study that have been done, value of attenuation coefficient from 90Sr source with composition: 100% acrylic 9.336±0.966 cm-1, 10% Ba 9.685±0.984 cm-1, 20% Ba 9.923±0.996 cm-1, and 30% Ba 11.748±1.083 cm-1. Value of attenuation coefficient from 137Cs source with composition: 100% 1.843±1.029 cm-1, 10% Ba 1.861±1.028 cm-1, 20% Ba 2.030±1.037 cm-1, and 30% Ba 2.112±1.033 cm-1. Value of attenuation coefficient from X-ray 42 kV with composition: 100% acrylic 2.178±0.1214 cm-1, 10% Ba 3.701±0.1386 cm-1, 20% Ba 3.643±0.1294 cm-1, and 30% Ba 4.087±0.0880 cm-1. Value of sample density with composition: 100% acrylic 1.08±0.01 g.ml-1, 10% Ba 1.09±0.01 g.ml-1, 20% Ba 1.10±0.02 g.ml-1, and 30% Ba 1.08±0.01 g.ml-1. Base on experiment, all sample of Barium Acrylic composition can not be used as an altenative way to replace lead glass as transparent radiation shielding.

Kata Kunci : perisai radiasi tembus pandang, barium acrylic, densitas, atenuasi