PENGARUH KEDALAMAN DAN KERAPATAN INCISING TERHADAP KUALITAS PENGERINGAN KAYU JATI PLUS PERHUTANI UMUR 15 TAHUN DENGAN SUHU TINGGI

SANDIRA ULTRA UTAMI, Tomy Listyanto, S.Hut., M.Env.Sc., Ph.D

2017 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Pengeringan kayu seringkali membutuhkan waktu, energi, dan biaya yang tinggi. Salah satu perlakuan awal yang berpotensi untuk mempercepat waktu pengeringan adalah dengan perlakuan incising. Pengeringan kayu penting dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas kayu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh dari interaksi antara kedalaman dan kerapatan incising terhadap kecepatan pengeringan, cacat-cacat pengeringan, dan kekuatan lengkung statik yang terjadi pada kayu Jati Plus Perhutani umur 15 tahun yang dikeringkan dengan suhu tinggi. Kayu Jati Plus Perhutani dengan diameter 210-370 mm. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua faktor yaitu kedalaman dan kerapatan incising. Kedalaman incising meliputi 1/4 tebal dari permukaan dan dasar serta 1/2 tebal kayu. Empat jenis kerapatan incising yang digunakan meliputi 0 (tanpa incising), 1000, 2000, 3000, dan 4000 lubang/m2. Lubang incising yang dibuat sebesar 3 mm. Sampel dikeringkan dengan suhu 100 derajat C hingga tercapai kadar air 12%. Parameter yang diamati meliputi laju pengeringan, retak permukaan, retak dalam (honeycombing), dan perubahan bentuk (warping). Uji keteguhan lengkung statik dilakukan berdasarkan standar British 373, 1957. Data yang dihasilkan kemudian diuji analisis varian (ANOVA) dengan taraf uji 5% serta uji lanjut Honestly Significant Difference Tukey untuk mengerahui perbedaan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi kerapatan incising berpengaruh nyata terhadap laju pengeringan. Laju pengeringan terbesar terdapat pada kerapatan incising 3000 lubang/m2 sebesar 10,98% per hari. Kedalaman incising berpengaruh nyata terhadap modulus patah (MOR) kayu yang dikeringkan.

Wood drying requires time, energy, and high cost. One of initial treatments which has potential to accelerate drying time is incising treatment. Wood drying is important to improve wood quality. The objectives of this research were to find out the impact of the interaction between incising depth and density on drying rapidity, drying defects, and static bending strength of Perhutani Superior Teak wood at 15 years old, which were dried at high temperature. Perhutani Superior Teak wood with diameter of 210-370 mm. This research used complete randomized design with two factors, which were incising depth and density. The incising depth were 1/4 thickness from surface and base, as well as 1/2 wood thickness. Four types incising dencities included 0 (without incising), 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 hole/m2 were applied. The incising hole was made as diameter as 3 mm. The samples were dried at temperature of 100 degree C until moisture content of 12%. The observed parameters were drying rapidity, surface checks, internal checks (honeycombing), and warping. Static bending strength test was done in accordance to British standard 373, 1957. The data were then tested using variance analysis (ANOVA) with significantly level of 5% and continued by Honestly Significant Difference Tukey to find the difference. The results showed that the variety of incising densities was significantly influence on drying rate. The highest drying rate occurred on incising densities of 3000 holes/m2 , which was 10,98% per day. Incising depth was significantly affecting on Modulus of Rapture (MOR) of the dried wood.

Kata Kunci : pengeringan suhu tinggi, JPP, kedalaman incising, kerapatan incising;high temperature drying, JPP, incising depth, incising density