Pengaruh Umur dan Jarak Tanam Beberapa Klon terhadap Pengakaran Stek Pucuk Jati (Tectona grandis L.f.) di Persemaian

HAFSAH MUTHIAH, Prof. Dr. Ir. Moh. Na’iem, M. Agr. Sc.;Widiyatno, S. Hut., M. Sc., Ph.D.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Jati (Tectona grandis L.f.) tergolong kayu mewah, berkualitas tinggi, dan bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Pemanfaatan kayu jati diantaranya untuk bahan dasar pembangunan rumah, kontruksi jembatan, kayu lapis dan mebel. Pengelolaan jati konvensional menghasilkan kayu dengan produktivitas rendah, berkualitas rendah dan memerlukan waktu yang sangat lama untuk itu perlu dilakukan perbanyakan vegetatif yang mendukung perhutanan klon. Perbanyakan vegetatif yang umum digunakan pada jati adalah stek pucuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh umur, jarak tanam, dan jenis klon serta interaksinya terhadap kemampuan berakar stek. Penelitian dilakukan di persemaian Wanagama Petak 5, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta selama 4 bulan. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan desain Petak-Petak Terbagi dengan 6 ulangan. Petak utama digunakan jarak tanam antar polybag yang terdiri dari 0 cm x 0 cm (dengan jarak antar tanaman 7 cm x 7 cm) dan 15 cm x 15 cm (dengan jarak antar tanaman 22 cm x 22 cm). Anak petak (sub plot) dalam penelitian ini adalah 3 klon jati yaitu WGI, WGII, dan F71. Anak-anak petak adalah umur pangkasan stek yaitu umur 4 Minggu Setelah Pangkas (4 MSP), umur 5 Minggu Setelah Pangkas (5 MSP), dan umur 6 Minggu Setelah Pangkas (6 MSP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jarak tanam memberikan pengaruh yang nyata pada kemampuan berakar dan kemampuan bertunas, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata pada variabel pengamatan yang lain. Jarak tanam 0 cm x 0 cm memberikan kemampuan berakar terbaik (86,11%), sedangkan jarak tanam 15 cm x 15 cm memberikan kemampuan bertunas terbaik (4,5 helai). Variasi klon menghasilkan pengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah akar primer, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata pada variabel pengamatan yang lain. Klon WGII memiliki kemampuan berakar terbaik (79,16%). Umur 5 MSP memberikan hasil kemampuan berakar terbaik (83,33%). Interaksi ketiga perlakuan berpengaruh nyata terhadap variabel tinggi tunas terbaik (jarak tanam 0 cm x 0 cm dengan umur 5 MSP dan klon WGI).

Teak (Tectona grandis L.f) classified as fancy wood with high quality and economic value. Teak wood can be utilized as for basic materials of construction of houses and bridges, plywood and furniture. Conventional teak management produces low productivity of timber, low quality and requires a very long time so vegetative propagation technic that supports the development clonal forestry program is needed. Vegetative propagation that commonly used for teak is cuttings. This research was conducted with the main purpose of determination of the most suitable age, plant spacing, and some selected clones, and their interactions on rooting of teak cuttings. The research was conducted in Nursery of Wanagama Compartement 5, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta for 4 months. This research was designed as Split-Split Plot with 6 replications. Treatment of plant spacing of polybag were 0 cm x 0 cm (with plant spacing of plants 7 cm x 7 cm) and 15 cm x 15 cm (with plant spacing of plants 22 cm x 22 cm) was the main plot. The sub plot in this research was 3 selected clones which were WGI, WGII, and F71. The sub-sub plot was age cuttings which were 4 Week After Cuttings age (4 WAC), 5 Week After Cuttings age (5 WAC), and 6 Week After Cuttings age (6 WAC). The result showed that plant spacing gave significant effects on rooting and sprouting ability, but not the other variables. Plant spacing 0 cm x 0 cm gave the best results on rooting ability (86.11%), while plant spacing 15 cm x 15 cm gave the best results on sprouting ability (4.5 pieces). Selected clones gave significant effect on sum of primary root, but not the other variables. WGII clone gave the best results on rooting ability (79.16%). Five WAC age gave the best results on rooting ability (83.33%). Their interaction gave a significant results on the best plant height (plant spacing 0 cm x 0 cm with 5 WAC age and WGI clone).

Kata Kunci : Jati, jarak tanam, umur, klon jati, perakaran;Teak, plant spacing, age, teak clone, rooting