KARAKTERISTIK BAMBU APUS (Gigantochloa apus Kurz.) PADA TIGA TINGKAT KERUSAKAN LAHAN PASCA ERUPSI GUNUNG MERAPI 2010

RAHMAT AJI PRASETYO, Prof. Dr. Ir. Cahyono Agus Dwi Koranto, M.Agr.Sc.;Dr. Ir. Eny Faridah, M.Sc

2017 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Erupsi Gunung Merapi tahun 2010 mengakibatkan kerusakan ekosistem dan mendegradasi sifat fisika dan kimia tanah. Bambu apus adalah salah satu tumbuhan pionir yang banyak terdapat di kawasan Gunung Merapi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik bambu apus yang berada di Gunung Merapi 6 tahun setelah erupsi, serta untuk mengetahui variasi sifat fisika dan kimia tanah di bawah rumpun bambu apus pada tiga tingkat kerusakan lahan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposif pada lahan-lahan dengan rumpun bambu apus, didahului stratifikasi sampling berdasarkan kondisi kerusakan akibat erupsi yaitu, kerusakan ringan, sedang, dan berat. Sampel diambil dengan membuat plot berukuran 10x10 m sebanyak 5 ulangan pada setiap lokasi kerusakan. Karakteristik bambu apus berupa jumlah, tinggi, dan diameter rumpun, jumlah dan diameter buluh, serta panjang dan jumlah ruas buluh diukur. Berat volume, pH-H2O, unsur hara, daya hantar listrik, potensial redoks, kadar lengas, bahan organik, dan morfologi tanah diukur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik bambu apus di Gunung Merapi dipengaruhi oleh ketebalan tutupan material vulkanik yang menjadi indikator tingkat kerusakan. Kandungan unsur hara total kalium (K), kalsium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), molibdenum (Mo), silika (Si), dan natrium (Na) semakin tinggi dari lokasi kerusakan ringan ke lokasi kerusakan berat, namun perbedaannya tidak signifikan. Kandungan unsur boron (B) terendah berada pada lokasi kerusakan berat, dan nilainya berbeda signifikan antara kerusakan sedang dan ringan. Bahan organik dan kadar lengas tertinggi berada pada lokasi kerusakan ringan, diikuti lokasi kerusakan sedang dan berat. Karakteristik bambu apus berupa jumlah buluh, diameter buluh, panjang ruas, dan jumlah ruas buluh semakin baik nilainya dari lokasi kerusakan berat ke lokasi kerusakan ringan, meskipun tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Hal ini menjadi tanda bahwa kesuburan tanah semakin membaik dari lokasi kerusakan berat ke lokasi kerusakan ringan dan bambu apus memiliki daya adaptasi yang baik di Gunung Merapi pada ke tiga tipe kerusakan lahan 6 tahun setelah erupsi.

Eruption of Merapi volcano in 2010 resulted in ecosystem destruction and degradation of soil physical and chemical properties. Apus bamboo is one of the many pioneer plants growing in the area of Merapi volcano. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of apus bamboo located in Merapi volcano following 6 years eruption, and to identify the variation of soil physical and chemical properties under apus bamboo vegetation on three levels of land damage. Sampling was done purposively on the land contained apus bamboo following stratification sampling based on damage level caused by the eruption, i.e. minor, moderate, and severe damages. Samples were taken by plotting 10x10 m with 5 replications at each location of damage level. The characteristics of apus bamboo such as number, height, and diameter of clump, numberand diameter of reed, and length and number of reed internodes were measured. Bulk density, soil pH-H20, nutrients content, electrical conductivity, potential redox, moisture content, organic matter, and soil morphology were measured. As the results, the characteristics of apus bamboo in Merapi volcano were influenced by the thickness of volcanic material cover as an indicator of damage level. Total soil potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), molybdenum (Mo), silica (Si), and sodium (Na) contents increased from sites with minor damage to those of severe damage, but the difference was not significant. The lowest boron (B) content was at the site of severe damage, and its value was significantly different between locations with moderate and minor damages. The highest value of organic matter and soil moisture content are at the site of minor damage, followed by moderate and severe damages. The characteristics of apus bamboo such as number and diameter of reed, length and number of reed internodes were improving from location of heavy damage to that of minor damage, although showed no significant difference. This indicated that the soil fertility was getting better from location of heavy damage to the location of minor damage, and apus bamboo has a high adaptability in Merapi volcano area at three levels of land damage after 6 years Merapi volcano eruption.

Kata Kunci : Erupsi Gunung Merapi, bambu apus, sifat fisika dan kimia tanah, karakteristik pertumbuhan;Merapi volcano eruption, apus bamboo, soil physical and chemical properties, growth characteristics