PENGARUH PEMBERIAN FRAKSI AIR EKSTRAK ETANOLIK DAUN SAMBUNG NYAWA (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.) TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH TIKUS YANG DIINDUKSI STREPTOZOTOSIN-NIKOTINAMID

DWI SULISTYAWATI, Irfan Muris Setiawan, M.Sc., Apt.; Prof. Dr. Suwijiyo Pramono, DEA., Apt.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan gangguan metabolisme yang ditandai hiperglikemia. Tatalaksana umum DM tipe 2 menggunakan obat hipoglikemik oral jangka panjang beresiko terjadinya efek samping. Salah satu alternatif obat tradisional DM yaitu daun sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh fraksi air ekstrak etanolik G. procumbens (FAS) terhadap kadar glukosa darah tikus yang diinduksi streptozotosin (STZ) dan nikotinamid (NA). Serbuk daun G. procumbens dimaserasi dengan etanol 95%. Ekstrak difraksinasi bertahap dengan heksan, etil asetat, dan air, hingga diperoleh FAS. Induksi tikus DM tipe 2 yaitu menggunakan STZ 60 mg/kgBB i.p pada 15 menit setelah injeksi NA 60 mg/kgBB i.p. Tikus dinyatakan DM pada 7 hari setelah induksi (disebut hari ke-0), kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi kontrol negatif (CMC-Na 0,5%), positif (glibenklamid 5 mg/kgBB), FAS dosis 90, dan 270 mg/kgBB, ditambah kontrol normal, masing-masing 4 ekor tikus dengan perlakuan 14 hari. Diukur kadar glukosa darah puasa (GDP) dan 2 jam postprandial (GD2JPP) pada saat baseline, hari ke-0; 7; dan 14, menggunakan metode enzimatik GOD-PAP. Data antar waktu sampling pada tiap kelompok dianalisis paired t-test (parametrik) atau uji Wilcoxon (non-parametrik). Perlakuan FAS dosis 90 dan 270 mg/kgBB menunjukkan hasil kadar GDP dan GD2JPP hari ke-7 dan 14 yang tidak berbeda bermakna (p > 0,05) dibanding hari ke-0. Kesimpulannya pemberian FAS dosis 90 dan 270 mg/kgBB selama 14 hari tidak mampu memberikan efek penurunan kadar GDP dan GD2JPP tikus DM tipe 2 yang diinduksi STZ-NA.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder which characterized by hyperglycemia. General treatment of type 2 DM using long-term oral hypoglycemic drugs is at risk for side effects. One of plants is used traditionally for treatment of DM is sambung nyawa leaves (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr). Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of water fraction of ethanolic extract of G. procumbens leaves (FAS) on blood glucose levels of rats are induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA). The powder of G. procumbens leaves was macerated with 95% ethanol. Extract was fractionated successively by hexane, ethyl acetate, and water, until FAS was obtained. Rats model of type 2 DM were induced by STZ 60 mg/kgBW i.p in 15 minutes after injection of NA 60 mg/kgBW i.p. Diabetic rats were confirmed on day 7 after injection (were called day 0), and then they were divided into negative control (CMC-Na 0,5%), positive control (glibenclamide 5 mg/kgBW), FAS at doses of 90, and 270 mg/kgBW, were added normal control, which each group consist 4 rats with 14 days of treatment. Fasting blood glucose (GDP) and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (GD2JPP) levels were measured on baseline, days 0; 7; and 14 using the GOD-PAP enzimatic method. Data between sampling times from each group were analyzed by paired t-test (parametric) or Wilcoxon test (non-parametric). Treatment using FAS at doses of 90 and 270 mg/kgBW showed the results GDP and GD2JPP levels on day 7 and 14 were not differ significantly (p > 0,05) compared to day 0. In conclusion, administration of FAS at doses of 90 and 270 mg/kgBW during 14-days were not able to give effect of decreasing GDP and GD2JPP levels in STZ-NA induced type 2 DM rats.

Kata Kunci : Fraksi air, G. procumbens, kadar glukosa, streptozotosin-nikotinamid / Water fraction, G. procumbens, glucose levels, streptozotocin-nicotinamide