KOMPONEN LIPOFILAT PADA ARAH AKSIAL DAN RADIAL BATANG POHON Eucalyptus pellita F.Muell DARI HUTAN ALAM DI MALIND, MERAUKE

RIZKI ARISANDI , Dr. Ganis Lukmandaru, S.Hut., M.Agr.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell (E. pellita) adalah salah satu fast growing species yang dikembangkan pada hutan tanaman industri (HTI) sebagai bahan baku untuk pulp dan kertas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar ekstraktif dan komponen lipofilat yang berpotensi menjadi penyebab pitch problem di dalam proses pulping. Secara umum, pitch problem menyebabkan bintik hitam pada mesin dan pulp. Tujuan lain dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan di antara ekstraktif dan komponen lipofilat pada arah aksial dan radial. Sampel (4 batang) pohon E. pellita berasal dari hutan alam di Malind, Merauke, Papua. Bagian kulit, gubal, dan teras diperoleh dari pangkal dan ujung pohon. Kadar ekstaktif diukur dengan menggunakan 3 pelarut yaitu diklorometana, etanol, dan air panas secara berurutan. Komponen lipofilat diukur dengan menggunakan GC-MS dan GC-FID dari ekstrak diklorometana. Hasil kadar ekstraktif terlarut diklorometana (KED), etanol (KEE), dan air panas (KEAP) berkisar antara 0,19 - 0,42 %, 1,58 - 4,95 % dan 0,75 - 1,51 %, secara berurutan. Nilai KEAP secara nyata dipengaruhi oleh interaksi faktor aksial dan radial, sedangkan KED oleh faktor aksial dimana kadar tertinggi didapat di bagian ujung. Nilai KED dan KEE secara nyata dipengaruhi oleh faktor radial dimana kadar tertinggi di teras, meskipun pada kadar ekstraktif total tidak beda nyata di kulit. Nilai KEE mendominasi pada komposisi ekstraktif dengan kisaran nilai 68,32-74,31 % dari berat ekstrak. Hasil analisis komponen lipofilat menunjukkan golongan senyawa asam lemak dan steroid merupakan golongan yang dominan, sedangkan senyawa asam resin dan beberapa komponen lain seperti squalena (triterpenoid) dan gliserol (trigliserida) merupakan golongan predominan. Secara umum korelasi kuat KED dengan komponen lipofilat banyak ditemukan di gubal, sedangkan korelasi nyata antar komponen lipofilat seperti sesama golongan asam lemak, maupun asam lemak dengan golongan komponen lain banyak ditemukan di kulit dan teras.

Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell (E. pellita) is one of the fast growing species, which is being developed as one of major species in industrial tree plantation (HTI) as a raw material for pulp and paper manufacturing. The objectives of this research were to determine the variation in axial and radial direction of extractive and lipophilic contents which potentiality to cause pitch problem. Generally, pitch problem causing dark spot in machinery and pulp. Another purpose of this research was to find out the correlation between extractive and lipophilic components on axial and radial direction. The samples (4 stemwoods) of E. pellita trees were obtained from natural forest in Malind district, Merauke, Papua. Bark, sapwood, and heartwood then were cut from the bottom and top parts of the trees. Extractive content were successively extracted by dichloromethane, ethanol, and hot water. Lipophilic components were analysed by GC-MS and GC-FID from dichloromethane extracts. The results of extractive content measurements of dichloromethane (KED), ethanol (KEE), and hot water (KEAP) were ranged 0.19 – 0.42 %, 1.58 – 4.95 % dan 0.75 – 1.51 %, respectively. KEAP values were significantly affected by the interaction of axial and radial factors, while the KED values were significantly affected by axial factor. It showed the highest values were found in top parts. The KED and KEE values were significantly affected by the radial factor, as the highest values were found in heartwood, although the total extractive content was not significantly differed from those of the bark. KEE values were the most abundant group of extractives. It ranged from 68.32-74.31 %, base on dried extract. The analysis of the lipophilic components showed that fatty acids and steroids were the major components, while resin acids and some components such as squalene (triterpenoid), and glycerol (triglycerides) were predominant components. Generally, the strongest correlations of KED values with lipophilic components were frequently found in sapwood part. Further, the correlation among lipophilic components such as among the components of fatty acid as well as fatty acid components with other groups of lipophilic components were frequently found in bark and heartwood parts.

Kata Kunci : Eucalyptus pellita, ekstraktif, lipofilat, aksial, radial; Eucalyptus pellita, extractive, lipophilic, axial, radial