Pengaruh Kitosan Cangkang Kepiting Bakau (Scylla serrata) sebagai Bahan Kaping Pulpa terhadap Jumlah Sel Mast pada Pulpitis Reversibel

ALFIRA HARIFI, drg. Tetiana Haniastuti, M. Kes., Ph.D; drg. Diatri Nari Ratih, M.Kes., Sp. KG, Ph.D

2017 | Skripsi | S1 PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI

Pulpitis reversibel merupakan inflamasi pulpa ringan hingga sedang yang salah satu penyebabnya adalah pengeboran gigi. Saat pengeboran, terjadi vasodilatasi sehingga membuat sel-sel inflamasi seperti sel mast bermigrasi ke area jejas. Kitosan cangkang kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) mampu menghambat produksi mediator inflamasi prostaglandin, TNF-α dan IL-1β. Mediator inflamasi tersebut mampu menyebabkan vasodilatasi pembuluh darah. Penlitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kitosan cangkang kepiting bakau sebagai bahan kaping pulpa terhadap jumlah sel mast. Tiga puluh enam tikus Sprague dawley digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Semua tikus diinduksi pulpitis reversibel dengan pengeboran sedalam 0,8mm menggunakan bur diamond bulat pada gigi molar satu kiri atas tikus. Setelah dibur, tikus dibagi dalam tiga kelompok: perlakuan, kontrol positif, dan kontrol negatif. Kitosan cangkang kepiting bakau diaplikasikan pada kelompok perlakuan, kalsium hidroksida pada kontrol positif dan akuades pada kontrol negatif. Tikus dikorbankan pada hari ke-1, ke-3, ke-5, dan ke-7 setelah perawatan. Bagian posterior kiri rahang atas tikus dibuat preparat histologi. Preparat tersebut diberi pewarnaan Methylen blue. Sel mast diamati dan dihitung menggunakan microskop cahaya (400x) yang dilengkapi dengan program Optilab. Hasil uji ANAVA dua jalur menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan jumlah sel mast yang signifikan antar kelompok (p<0,05) hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa kitosan cangkang kepiting bakau berpengaruh terhadap jumlah sel mast. Kesimpulannya adalah kitosan cangkang kepiting bakau mampu menurunkan jumlah sel mast dihari ke-7 pada pulpitis reversibel tikus Sprague dawley.

Reversible pulpitis is a mild to moderate pulp inflammation that can be caused by tooth drilling. Tooth drilling may cause vasodilatation. When the blood vessels dilate, the inflammatory cell such as mast cell migrate to the injury site. Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) shell chitosan has known to be able to inhibit inflammatory mediators production such as prostaglandins, TNF-α as well as IL-1β. Those inflammatory mediators are capable of inducing vasodilatation. This study aimed to determine the effect of the mangrove crab shell chitosan as a pulp capping material on the number of mast cells in pulpitis case. Thirty-six Sprague dawley rats were included in this study. Reversible pulpitis was induced in all rats by drilling the first left molar maxilla in 0.8 mm depth using diamond round bur. The rats were then divided into 3 groups: treatment, positive control, and negative control groups. Mangrove crab shell chitosan, calcium hydroxide, and aquadest were placed at the bottom of the cavity of the treatment, positive control, and negative control groups subsequently. The cavities were then filled with glass ionomer cement. Rats were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th day after the treatment. The upper jaws were processed for histological examination. The specimens were stained with methylen blue. The number of mast cell was observed and counted under a light microscope (400x) equipped with Opilab program. Two-way ANOVA test showed a significance difference (p<0.05) of the mast cell among the groups, indicating that mangrove crab shell chitosan affected the number of mast cell. In conclusion, mangrove crab shell chitosan reduce the number of mast cell on the 7th day after treatment in reversible pulpitis of Sprague dawley.

Kata Kunci : Reversible pulpitis, crab shells chitosan, mast cell