UKURAN POPULASI, DISTRIBUSI POPULASI, DAN PERIODE AKTIF HARIAN TAPIR (Tapirus indicus) DI TAMAN NASIONAL TESSO NILO, PROVINSI RIAU

DIKA SEPTIAN M, Dr. rer. silv. M. Ali Imron, S.Hut., M.Sc.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 KONSERVASI SUMBER DAYA HUTAN

Tapir Asia (Tapirus indicus) berstatus Endangered, dan tren populasinya mengalami penurunan, namun data mengenai populasi tapir masih sangat minim. Di Indonesia, tapir liar hanya ada di Pulau Sumatera, dan terkonsentrasi di kawasan konservasi. Namun, kawasan konservasi kadang tidak luput dari aktivitas manusia. Dugaan adanya aktivitas manusia di dalam kawasan akan berpengaruh terhadap periode aktif dan distribusi populasi dari tapir sebagai bentuk adaptasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah individu dalam populasi tapir, periode aktif harian, dan distribusi populasi berdasarkan tipe penutupan lahan di Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo Provinsi Riau. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode camera-trap. Untuk mengetahui ukuran populasi digunakan metode capture-recapture. Data mengenai periode aktif harian dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan data distribusi populasi menggunakan software ArcGis 9.3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo terdapat individu tapir sebanyak 30 ekor. Secara dominan tapir merupakan satwa nocturnal (aktif di malam hari) dengan prosentase periode aktif malam 85% dan siang 15%. Kehadiran tapir secara spasial tidak dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas manusia, namun menunjukkan penggunaan aktif di malam hari.

The Asian Tapir (Tapirus indicus) is an endangered species, and the population has been declining recently. The wild tapir in Sumatra is concentrated in the conservation area such as national park and wildlife reserve. At the same time, human activities can be found in protected areas which might affect the population, distribution and daily active of tapir. This study aims to determine the number of individuals in the population, active periods, and distribution in each land cover of the Tesso Nilo National Park in Riau province. This research was conducted by a capture-recapture method using camera-trap to determine the size of the population. Data on active period was collected using data on camera trap and was analyzed using descriptive and quantitative analyzes. While population distribution was done by ArcGIS 9.3 software. The results showed that in the Tesso Nilo National Park still holds 30 individuals of tapir. The study also confirmed that tapir is predominantly nocturnal (active at night) with the percentage of active periods during the night of 85% and afternoon 15%. The spatial distribution of tapir is not affected by human activities, but nocturnal activity was shown as adaptation mechanism in the presence of humans.

Kata Kunci : Tapir Asia, Ukuran populasi, Distribusi populasi, Periode aktif, Camera-trap, Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo, population size, population distribution, active period, Camera-trap, Tesso Nilo National Park