Karakteristik Morfologi, Daya Adaptasi dan Produksi Biomassa Brassica Rapa Var. Pillar, Brassica Rapa Var. Marco, dan Chicory Intybus di Yogyakarta

FARAH SITI ZAKIYYAH, Nafiatul Umami, S.Pt., MP., Ph.D.;Dr. Ir. Bambang Suhartanto, DEA.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik morfologi, daya adaptasi dan produksi biomassa Brassica rapa var. marco, Brassica rapa var. pillar dan Chicory intybus yang ditanam di Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengamati morfologi, daya adaptasi terhadap hama dan penyakit, serta menghitung produksi biomassa tanaman selama fase vegetatif. Materi yang digunakan adalah 3 jenis tanaman pakan introduksi yaitu Brassica rapa var. marco, Brassica rapa var. pillar dan Chicory intybus. Tanaman tersebut ditanam dalam plot ukuran 1 m2 dengan cara disebar bijinya dan masing-masing tanaman mendapatkan pengulangan 3 kali. Produksi biomassa diambil dari produksi panen pertama dan panen kedua (regrowth pertama). Morfologi tanaman menunjukkan bahwa tanaman dapat berkembang dengan baik dan data pertumbuhan memperlihatkan bahwa semua tanaman tersebut memiliki pertumbuhan yang baik. Daya adaptasi kedua varietas Brassica rapa tidak begitu baik karena adanya serangan aphid pada tanaman, tetapi Chicory memiliki daya adaptasi yang baik karena bebas dari serangan hama dan penyakit. Brassica rapa var. pillar dan Brassica rapa var. marco tidak mengalami regrowth akibat terserang aphid. Panen pertama Chicory intybus menghasilkan 1.04 ± 0.80 ton/ha (BK 9,63 ± 0,21%; BO 78,79 ± 0,46%; produksi kedua 1.43 ± 0.11 ton/ha (BK 8,17 ± 0,18%; BO 83,88 ± 0,60%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan produksi panen pertama pada Chicory berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan produksi panen kedua. Produksi panen kedua (regrowth) lebih tinggi dibandingkan panen pertama, begitu pula dengan kadar BO, sebaliknya kadar BK lebih rendah pada panen kedua. Produksi tertinggi dari ketiga tanaman tersebut adalah produksi chicory karena daya adaptasinya yang lebih baik daripada Brassica.

This study was aimed to determine morphological characteristics, adaptability and biomass production of Brassica rapa var. marco, Brassica rapa var. pillar and Chicory intybus grown in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The study was carried out by observing the morphology, adaptability to pests and diseases, and biomass production of crops during the vegetative growth. This study used 3 types of feed crops, Brassica rapa var. marco, Brassica rapa var. pillar and Chicory intybus. The plants were planted in a plot size of 1 m2 by spreading the seeds and each species was replicated 3 times. Biomass production were calculated from crop production on the first and second harvest. Plant morphology showed that plants had good development and growth data showed that all these plants had good growth. Adaptability of both varieties of Brassica rapa appereanced not so good because there were attack aphids on plants, but Chicory has a good adaptability because it is free from pests and diseases. Brassica rapa var. pillar and Brassica rapa var. marco didn't regrowth due to aphid attack. The first harvest Chicory intybus produced 1,04 ± 0,80 tonnes / ha (DM 9,63 ± 0,21%; OM 78,79 ± 0,46%), the second production 1,43 ± 0,11 tonnes / ha (DM 8,17 ± 0,18% ; OM 83,88 ± 0,60%) the analysis showed production Chicory at the first harvest significantly different (P <0.05) with the second production. The second production higher than the first production, as well as the level of organic matter, otherwise dry matter level were lower in the second production. Chicory is the highest production of three crops, because chicory had better adaptability than Brassica.

Kata Kunci : Brassica rapa var. pillar, Brassica rapa var. marco, Chicory intybus, adaptation, morphology, biomass production.