SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI BUTIL LIGNOSULFONAT DAN SELULOSA SULFAT DARI LIMBAH BATANG TEMBAKAU SEBAGAI SURFAKTAN UNTUK BAHAN INJEKSI KIMIA PADA PROSES ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)

SAFLIA FEBRI DANARTI, Prof. Dr. Jumina ; Dr. Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih, M.Si.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 KIMIA

Telah dilakukan sintesis butil lignosulfonat dan selulosa sulfat dari limbah batang tembakau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi lignin dan selulosa dari limbah batang tembakau, mensintesis butil lignosulfonat dan selulosa sulfat serta melakukan karakterisasi senyawa tersebut sebagai surfaktan untuk bahan injeksi kimia pada Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). Proses isolasi lignin dan selulosa dilakukan dengan metode Kraft yang melibatkan reagen berupa NaOH, Na2S dan Na2CO3. Sintesis butil lignosulfonat dilakukan melalui reaksi alkilasi dan sulfonasi secara berturut-turut. Proses alkilasi dilakukan menggunakan reagen butil klorida, sedangkan proses sulfonasi dilakukan menggunakan reagen NaHSO3. Sementara itu, sintesis selulosa sulfat dilakukan melalui reaksi sulfonasi menggunakan reagen NaHSO3. Karakterisasi senyawa dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR dan SEM-EDX. Butil lignosulfonat dan selulosa sulfat yang telah berhasil disintesis selanjutnya diuji kinerjanya berupa uji kompatibilitas, uji kelakuan fasa, penentuan nilai konsentrasi kritis misel (kkm) dan penentuan nilai IFT. Hasil sintesis butil lignosulfonat dan selulosa sulfat yang dikarakterisasi menggunakan spetrofotometer FTIR dan SEM-EDX menunjukkan bahwa senyawa tersebut telah berhasil disintesis. Hasil uji karakteristik menunjukkan butil lignosulfonat cukup kompatibel pada larutan garam NaCl 15.000 ppm jenuh, mampu membentuk emulsi fasa bawah dan mengalami transisi ke fasa tengah pada konsentrasi 1,5 g/L, memiliki nilai kkm 1,4 g/L serta memiliki nilai IFT 8,88 dyne/cm. Sementara itu, hasil uji karakteristik selulosa sulfat menunjukkan bahwa selulosa sulfat kurang kompatibel terhadap larutan garam NaCl 15.000 ppm jenuh, mampu membentuk emulsi fasa bawah dan mengalami transisi ke fasa tengah lebih cepat, memiliki nilai kkm 1,8 g/L serta nilai IFT 13,66 dyne/cm.

Synthesis of butyl lignosulfonate and cellulose sulfate from tobacco waste stem and characterisctic test as a surfactant for chemical injection in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) process has been conducted. This experiment has a purpose to isolate lignin and cellulose from tobbaco waste stem, synthesize butyl lignosulfonate and cellulose sulfate and also to characterize those compounds as surfactants. Isolation of lignin and cellulose was done by Kraft method which is involved NaOH, Na2S and Na2CO3 as a cooking reagent. Synthesis of butyl lignosulfonate was done by alkylation and sulfonation reaction, respectively. Alkylation reaction was done using butyl chloride while sulfonation reaction was done using sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3). Whereas, sulfonation of cellulose was also done using sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3). All of the compound that have been synthesized were characterized by FTIR spectrophotometer and SEM-EDX. Henceforth, the synthesized butyl lignosulfonate and cellulose sulfate were tested their characteristic as a surfactant, that is compatibility test, phase behaviour test, critical micell concentration (cmc) determination and IFT determination. The result shows that butyl lignosulfonate and cellulose have been succesfully synthesized as indicated by FTIR spectrophotometer and SEM-EDX. Characteristic tests show that butyl lignosulfonate is compatible enough in brine water, form lower and through transition to middle phase of emulsion at concentration 1.5 g/L, has a cmc of 1.4 g/L and has IFT value of 8.88 dyne/cm. While, characteristic tests show that cellulose sulfat is less compatible in brine water, from lower and through transition to middle phase of emulsion, has a cmc of 1.8 g.L and has IFT value of 13.66 dyne/cm.

Kata Kunci : Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), lignin, lignosulfonat, selulosa, selulosa sulfat, surfaktan