PERANCANGAN PABRIK SERBUK URANIUM DIOKSIDA KAPASITAS 1.000 TON/JAM

HARTIKA RAFIH W., Prof. Ir. Wahyudi Budi Sediawan, S.U., Ph.D.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK KIMIA

Pabrik ini dirancang untuk menghasilkan uranium dioksida serbuk melalui integrated dry route dengan menggunakan bahan baku uranium heksafluorida. Kapasitas pabrik terancang adalah 1.000 ton/tahun. Pabrik direncanakan didirikan di Kabupaten Landak, Kalimantan Barat dengan luas tanah 2,5 Ha dan membutuhkan tenaga kerja sebanyak 182 orang. Pabrik ini direncanakan berjalan secara kontinyu selama 330 hari. Uranium dioksida yang dihasilkan berupa serbuk dengan kemurnian sebesar 99,99%. Reaksi berlangsung secara non-adiabatis dan non-isotermal dalam rotary kiln. Reaktor beroperasi pada tekanan 1,06 atm dan suhu gas 700oC. Meskipun reaksi yang terjadi bersifat eksotermis, namun karena diperlukan suhu reaksi yang tinggi, maka digunakan elemen pemanas listrik. Bahan baku uranium heksafluorida yang diperlukan sebesar 1.355,94 ton/tahun, gas hidrogen 19,85 ton/tahun, steam proses 411,60 ton/tahun, dan gas nitrogen 19,70 ton/tahun. Berdasarkan kondisi operasi yang dijalankan, pemilihan bahan baku yang digunakan dan jenis produk yang dihasilkan, maka pabrik ini tergolong pabrik beresiko tinggi. Utilitas yang dibutuhkan adalah air sebanyak 12,86 m3/jam, listrik sebesar 9,66 MW, steam sebanyak 14,38 kg/jam, dan udara instrumen sebanyak 491,71 m3/jam. Pabrik ini membutuhkan modal tetap sebanyak US$ 7.431.696,94 + Rp. 1.224.401.762.603,36, modal kerja sebesar US$ 515.319.717,32 + Rp. 36.479.229.726,74/tahun. Manufacturing Cost yang dikeluarkan adalah US$ 1.762.336.975,26 + Rp. 343.122.975.423,58, sedangkan General Expenses sebesar US$ 258.939.051,36 + Rp. 298.938.918.752,45/tahun. Hasil evaluasi ekonomi terhadap pabrik ini menunjukkan keuntungan sebelum pajak sebesar Rp. 914.934.809.814,94, setelah pajak Rp. 457.467.404.907,47. Percent Return On Investment sebelum pajak sebesar 69,06% dan setelah pajak 34,53%. Pay Out Time sebelum pajak adalah sebesar 1,26 tahun dan setelah pajak sebesar 2,25 tahun. Break Even Point sebesar 58,69% dan Shut Down Point adalah 48,17%. Discounted Cash Flow terhitung adalah sebesar 18,30%. Berdasarkan pertimbangan hasil evaluasi tersebut, maka pabrik Uranium Dioksida dari Uranium Heksaflorida dengan kapasitas 1.000 ton/tahun layak untuk dikaji lebih lanjut.

The plant is planned to produce Uranium Oxide powder through integrated dry route process which raw material is Uranium Hexafluoride. Production capacity of this plant is 1,000 tons / year. This plant will be established in Kabupaten Landak, West Kalimantan with area of 2,5 Ha and employ as much as 182 people. The plant is planned to operate for 330 days / year. Uranium oxide being produced is powder with 99.99% purity. The reaction is carried out non-adiabatic and non-isoterm in rotary kiln. Reactor operates in pressure of 1.06 atm and gas temperature of 700oC. Although the reaction occurs in exotermic condition, for higher temperature needed then it is used an electric heater. The main components needed are 1,355.94 tons / year of uranium hexafluoride, 19.85 tons / year of hydrogen, 411.60 tons / year of steam process, and 19.70 tons / year of nitrogen. Based on operating condition applied, the selection of main components and kind of products being produced, this plant can be categorized as high-risk operation. Utility plant unit supplies water as much as 12.86 m3 / hour, 9,66 MW of electricity, 14,38 kg / hour of steam, and compressed air up to 491.71 m3 / hour. Fixed capital needed is US$ 7.431.696,94 + Rp. 1.224.401.762.603,36 and working capital is US$ 515.319.717,32 + Rp. 36.479.229.726,74 per year. Manufacturing Cost is US$ 1.762.336.975,26 + Rp. 343.122.975.423,58 and General Expenses is US$ 258.939.051,36 + Rp. 298.938.918.752,45 per year. Profit before taxes is Rp. 914.934.809.814,94 and income taxes is 50% that profit after taxes is Rp. 457.467.404.907,47. Based on economic analysis, Percent Return Of Investment before tax is 69.06% and Return Of Investment after tax is 34.53%. Pay Out Time before tax is 1.06 year and Pay Out Time after tax is 2.25 year. Break Even Point is 58.69%, Shut Down Point is 48.17% and Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return is 18.30%. Based on consideration of the economic evaluation results, further research on Uranium Oxide Plant from Uranium Hexafluoride with production capacity of 1,000 tons / year should be carried out.

Kata Kunci : Uranium Oxide, Uranium Hexafluoride, Integrated Dry Route