KELIMPAHAN DAN DISTRIBUSI SPASIAL BURUNG DI BAWAH TEKANAN PERBURUAN DI HUTAN KEMUNING

FEBRIAN EDI NUGROHO, Dr.rer.silv. Muh. Ali Imron, S.Hut, M.Sc.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Hutan Kemuning merupakan hutan tropis dataran rendah yang masih tersisa di Pulau Jawa dan merupakan habitat dari berbagai jenis burung. Perburuan yang terus terjadi di kawasan tersebut dapat memengaruhi kelimpahan dan distribusi spasial burung hingga menyebabkan kepunahan lokal. Penelitian mengenai aspek-aspek tersebut jarang ditemukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola perburuan serta dinamika kelimpahan dan distribusi spasial burung di Hutan Kemuning. Wawancara terhadap 17 pemburu lokal dan observasi kegiatan perburuan terhadap beberapa pemburu dilakukan untuk mengetahui pola perburuan. Estimasi kelimpahan dan distribusi spasial jenis burung yang diburu diambil dengan metode point count selama periode April, Juni, dan Oktober 2016. Pemburu burung di Hutan Kemuning menggunakan berbagai teknik perburuan yaitu, menembak, memulut (dengan pemikat burung lain, rekaman suara burung, laron), mengambil anakan, menjaring, pada berbagai lokasi di kawasan hutan. Burung yang ditangkap hidup dijual atau dipelihara, sedangkan burung yang ditembak akan dikonsumsi. Pemburu memilih lokasi seperti di sekitar pohon Ficus sp untuk menembak burung. Selama periode penelitian diketahui terdapat empat jenis burung ditembak, dan tujuh jenis burung ditangkap hidup. Jenis burung yang diburu menunjukan 3 pola dinamika kelimpahan yaitu relatif konstan (Walik kembang), meningkat (Takur Tenggeret, Cipoh Kacat, Cica Daun Besar, Cucak Kuning, Merbah Corok-Corok), fluktuatif (Delimukan Zamrud, Cucak Kutilang, Cucak Kuricang, Serindit Jawa). Jenis burung yang diburu paling banyak menempati ketinggian 7-25 meter dan 25-35 meter. Pola distribusi jenis yang diburu hampir semuanya mengelompok. Sedikitnya diketahui tiga dinamika distribusi yang terjadi yaitu distribusi yang relatif tetap (Punai Penganten, Serindit Jawa, Cucak Kuning), berubah terus menerus (Cica Daun Besar, Cucak Kuricang, Delimukan Zamrud, Walik Kembang), berubah namun tetap overlap (Cipoh Kacat, Cucak Kutilang, Merbah Corok-Corok, Takur Tenggeret). Implikasi pengelolaan terhadap perburuan di Hutan Kemuning sedang diskusikan

Kemuning Forest, a remaining lowland tropical forest in Java is habitat for various species of birds. Unregulated hunting that occurred in that region can affect the abundance and distribution of the birds, even leading to local extinctions. However, it seems studies on these aspects are still rarely done. This research aims to determine the patterns of unregulated bird hunting and the dynamics of abundance and distribution of birds in the Kemuning Forest. An Interview with seventeen local hunters and behavioral during hunting of selected hunters were done to investigate their hunting patterns. Three periods of observations i.e. April, June and October 2016 were conducted through the establishment of the point count method to estimate the abundance and spatial distribution of hunted birds. The hunters in Kemuning forest used various hunting techniques i.e. shooting, trapping with tree exudates (using other individual or voice attractant, and, Macrotermes gilvus), hand capturing, mist netting, in any accessible locations in the forest area. The life bird captured were sold or kept, whereas shot individuals were for domestic consumption. Hunters selected certain locations e.g. around fruitful Ficus sp. to shoot birds. Four bird species were shot, and seven species of birds were life-captured during the observation. Hunted birds showed three patterns of abundance dynamics i.e.: relatively constant (Ptilinopus melanospila), increasing (Megalaima australis, Aegithina tiphia, Chloropsis sonnerati, Pycnonotus melanicterus, Pycnonotus simplex), fluctuating (Chalcophaps indica, Pycnonotus aurigaster, Treron griceicauda, Pycnonotus atriceps, Loriculus pusillus).The hunted birds mostly occupied at 8-25 m and followed by 25-35 m above land. The distribution pattern of hunted birds are mostly clumped. At least, this study identified three distribution dynamics of hunted birds: relatively fixed distribution (Treron griceicauda, Loriculus pusillus, Pycnonotus melanicterus), constantly changing distributions (Chloropsis sonnerati, Pycnonotus atriceps, Chalcophaps indica, Ptilinopus melanospila), change distribution with overlap (Aegithina tiphia, Pycnonotus aurigaster, Pycnonotus simplex, Megalaima australis). Management implications of the unregulated hunting in Kemuning forest are discussed.

Kata Kunci : perburuan, dinamika kelimpahan, dinamika distribusi, burung;unregulated hunting, abundance dynamics, distribution dynamics, birds