TUGAS PERANCANGAN PABRIK KIMIA PRARANCANGAN PABRIK ASAM SALISILAT DARI FENOL DAN KARBON DIOKSIDA DENGAN KAPASITAS 5.000 TON/TAHUN

DWI AGUS DERMAWAN, Prof. Ir. Panut Mulyono, M.Eng, D.Eng.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK KIMIA

Asam salisilat sintesis dibuat menggunakan proses Kolbe-Schmitt. Bahan baku utama pembuatan asam salisilat adalah fenol sebanyak 4.596,7 ton/tahun dan karbon dioksida sebanyak 3.859,8 ton/tahun dan bahan baku pendukung adalah NaOH 50% sebanyak 1.917 ton/tahun, dan asam sulfat 60% sebanyak 2.927,5 ton/tahun. Larutan NaOH direaksikan dengan fenol di dalam reaktor (R-01) menghasilkan sodium phenolate, fenol, dan air. Gas CO2 dengan suhu 190°C dan tekanan 5 bar direaksikan dengan sodium fenolat dalam reaktor fluidized bed (R-02). Sodium salicylate keluaran R-02 direaksikan dengan asam sulfat 60% di dalam reaktor (R-03). Tahap selanjutnya adalah pemurnian sehingga diperoleh asam salisilat dengan kemurnian 99,5% (basis kering) sebanyak 5.000 ton/tahun. Pabrik ini akan dibangun di Kota Cilegon, Provinsi Banten, Jawa dengan luas area 10.000 m2. Total karyawan yang dibutuhkan adalah 182 orang. Kebutuhan energi meliputi kebutuhan listrik sebanyak 2.405.500,75 kWh/tahun dipenuhi menggunakan listrik dari PLN dan sebagai cadangan menggunakan generator dengan bahan bakar berupa spindle oil sebanyak 107,11 kg/jam. Sedangkan kebutuhan air untuk utilitas adalah sebanyak 36.441,48 kg/jam dan udara instrumen 150 m3/jam. Pabrik ini membutuhkan modal tetap sebanyak US$ 5.832.287,52 + Rp 40.529.231.664,14 dan modal kerja sebanyak US$ 16.404.396,41 + Rp 1.823.357.245,45. Pabrik dirancang untuk setiap tahunnya memperoleh sales sebanyak US$ 66.326.532,44 dengan manufacturing cost sebesar US$ 51.875.313,04 + Rp 10.744.783.767,83 dan general expenses sebesar US$ 7.974.524,67 + Rp 5.082.310.669,15. Keuntungan sebelum pajak sebesar Rp 70.708.023.939,03 dan keuntungan sesudah pajak Rp 35.354.011.969,51. Nilai BEP = 42,00%, SDP = 30,47%, ROI sebelum pajak = 59,69% dan ROI setelah pajak = 29,85%. POT sebelum pajak = 1,46 tahun dan POT setelah pajak = 2,58 tahun. DCFRR = 24,56%. Dari hasil evaluasi yang dilakukan, pabrik ini secara teknis dan ekonomi menarik untuk dibangun.

Salicylic acid synthesized through Kolbe-Schmitt process. The main raw materials are phenol as much as 4,596,7 tons/ year and carbon dioxide as much as 3,859,8 tons/year and supporting materials are 50% NaOH as much as 1,917 tons/ year and 60% sulfuric acid as much as 2,927,5 tons/ year. Phenol is reacted with NaOH solution in reactor (R-01) to produce sodium phenolate, phenol, and water. Carbon dioxide (190°C and 5 bar) is reacted with sodium phenolate in a fluidized bed reactor (R-02). Sodium salicylate R-02 is reacted with 60% sulfuric acid in the reactor (R-03). Purification is needed to obtain salicylic acid with a purity of 99.5% (dry base) of 5,000 tons / year. This plant will be built in Cilegon, Banten, Java with estimated area of 10,000 m2. The total required employees are 182 employees. Energy requirement covers electricity need as much as 2,405,500.75 kWh/yr filled with electricity from PLN and a generator as back up power supply with spindle oil as much as 107.11 kg/hour. While the water requirement for utility is as much as 36.441,48 kg/hour and air instrument that requires as much as 150 m3/hour. The factory requires fixed capital as much as US$ 5,832,287.52 + Rp 40,529,231,664.14 and working capital as much as US$ 16,404,396.41 + Rp 1,823,357,245.45. The factory is designed to annually earn as much as US$ 66,326,532.44 with manufacturing cost as much as US$ 51,875,313.04 + Rp 10,744,783,767.83 and general expenses as much as US$ 7,974,524.67 + Rp 5,082,310,669.15. Profit before tax as much as Rp 70,708,023,939.03 and profit after tax as much as Rp 35,354,011,969.51. The value of BEP = 42,00%, SDP = 30.47%, ROI before tax = 59.69%, ROI after tax = 19.85%, POT before tax = 1.46 years and POT after tax = 2.58 years. DCFRR = 24.56%. From the results of the evaluation, the factory is technically and economically attractive to be built.

Kata Kunci : asam salisilat, Kolbe-Schmitt, fenol, salicylic acid, phenol