EFEKTIVITAS REZIM COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY DALAM MENANGANI ISU PEMBAJAKAN KAPAL DI TELUK ADEN-SOMALIA

Riskey Oktavian, Dr. Maharani Hapsari, M.A.

2017 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

INTISARI Tesis ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas rezim Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) dalam menangani isu pembajakan kapal Teluk Aden-Somalia yang menjadi krisis besar menjelang akhir tahun 2008. Ia mengeluarkan produk European Union Comprehensive Approach to Somali Piracy (EU-CASP) mengatur perilaku 27 negara anggota Uni Eropa melaksanakan program-program EUNAVFOR-Atalanta, penegakan hukum, EUTM-Somalia, dan EUCAP-Nestor. Berlandaskan teori efektivitas rezim Arild Underdal ditambah konsep maritime piracy dan rezim internasional ditemukan bahwa rezim CFSP tidak efektif seiring ketidakpatuhan rendah dan tinggi anggotanya terhadap aturan main rezim, sehingga operasionalisasi rezim dalam misi tidak optimal, dan berdampak kegagalan rezim mencapai sasaran yang ditetapkan hingga saat ini. Inefektivitas terjadi karena kombinasi tiga faktor negatif: (1) rezim menghadapi masalah sangat sulit, isu pembajakan kapal kompleks dan berakar luas, perbedaan anggapan dan ketidakselarasan kepentingan anggota memandang ancaman langsung membawa kepentingan material, dan ancaman tidak langsung mengagendakan kepentingan non-material berjangka panjang, adanya perpecahan kapasitas, persepsi, kalkulasi, dan kewenangan mutlak aktor eksternal menghambat mereka mengkordinasikan berperilaku patuh terhadap aturan main rezim; (2) kemampuan penyelesaian masalah rezim lemah, tidak ada lembaga pengawasan dan sanksi membuat ketidakadilan distribusi kekuasaan anggota dominan dan non-dominan yang tidak mampu mengontrol perilaku satu sama lain, ditambah kepemimpinan direksional ekspresif, dan komunitas epistemik yang kalah melawan proses politik; (3) level kolaborasi tanpa koordinasi dan integrasi berbasis saling mengejar kepentingan individu, sambil mengabaikan kebaikan bersama. Kata kunci: pembajakan kapal Teluk Aden-Somalia, CFSP, EU-CASP, efektivitas rezim.

ABSTRACT This thesis examines effectiveness of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) regime for addressing maritim piracy issue in the Gulf of Aden-Somalia water which became major crisis in the end 2008. CFSP releases the product European Union Comprehensive Approach to Somali Piracy (EU-CASP) contains EUNAVFOR-Atalanta, law enforcement, EUTM-Somalia, and EUCAP-Nestor programs to set 27 European Union member states (MS) behavior for implementation. Based regime effectiveness theory from Arild Underdal with the concept of maritime piracy and international regime has proven the CFSP regime is ineffective as presence outcome low and high level non-compliance by MS to the regime's rule, this affecting operationalization missions regime is not optimal, and failure impact to achieve the targets. The ineffectiveness because the combination of three negative factors: (1) the regime facing malignancy problem, issue of maritime piracy is very complex and wide roots cause, incongruity and assymmetry from opinion and interests MS see direct threats bringing material interests, and indirect threats pledge long-term non-material interests, and cumulative cleavages of capacities, perceptions, calculations, and external authority actors prevent them from coordinating behavior compliance rules of the regime; (2) the weakness of problem-solving capacity, there is no judiciary institutions and rule of sanction make unbalanced distribution of power by dominant and non-dominant MS unable control behavior each other, with expressive directional leadership, and losing position epistemic community against the political process; (3) level of collaboration uncoordinated and disintegration based pursuit of individual interests, while ignoring the common good. Keywords: maritim piracy in the Gulf of Aden-Somalia water, CFSP, EU-CASP, regime effectiveness.

Kata Kunci : pembajakan kapal Teluk Aden-Somalia, CFSP, EU-CASP, efektivitas rezim.