ANALISIS RISIKO KEBAKARAN DITINJAU DARI SISTEM PROTEKSI KEBAKARAN AKTIF DI RSUD PANEMBAHAN SENOPATI KABUPATEN BANTUL

TEGUH BUDIONO, Rochim Bakti Cahyono, ST., MSc., Phd

2017 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Rumah sakit memiliki risiko terjadi kebakaran. Ketersediaan sistem proteksi kebakaran yang memadai serta sesuai dengan standar merupakan salah satu cara pencegahan yang efektif untuk menghindari dan meminimalisasi terjadinya kebakaran serta mencegah jatuhnya korban jiwa. Kemudian dengan kemungkinan risiko tersebut bagaimana rumah sakit menyikapi hal tersebut. Tujuan: Menganalisis risiko kebakaran ditinjau dari sistem proteksi kebakaran aktif di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Kabupaten Bantul. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara dan telaah dokumen, kemudian dilakukan penilaian risiko dari tingkat kemungkinan (likelihood) dan tingkat keparahan (severity) dengan menggunakan model matriks risiko menurut panduan AS/NZS 4360:2004. Hasil: Dari 15 elemen sistem deteksi dan alarm kebakaran yang diteliti terdapat 13 elemen (80%) kondisi sesuai dan 2 elemen (20%) kondisi tidak sesuai. Dari 7 elemen sistem sprinkler otomatik, 0 elemen (0%) kondisi sesuai dan 7 elemen (100%) kondisi tidak sesuai. Dari 15 elemen APAR terdapat 14 elemen (93.33%) kondisi sesuai dan 1 elemen (6.67%) kondisi tidak sesuai. Dari 30 elemen sistem pipa tegak dan kotak slang kebakaran, 0 elemen (0%) kondisi sesuai dan 30 elemen (100 %) kondisi tidak sesuai. Dari 12 elemen Manajemen Pengamanan Kebakaran terdapat 11 elemen (91.67%) kondisi sesuai dan 1 elemen (8.33%) kondisi tidak sesuai. Kesimpulan: Secara keseluruhan sebanyak 38 elemen (48.10%) sudah sesuai dan sisanya 41 (51.90%) tidak sesuai dengan standar pengaplikasian sistem proteksi kebakaran aktif. Tingkat risiko meluasnya kebakaran berdasarkan tingkat kesesuaian sistem proteksi kebakaran aktif masuk dalam kategori risiko sedang (Moderate Risk).

Background: The hospital has a risk of fire. The availability of adequate fire protection systems as well as compliance with the standards is one of the effective prevention way to avoid and minimize the occurrence of fires and prevent casualties. Then with that probability of the risk, how the hospital addressing it. Objective: To analyze the risk of fire in terms of active fire protection systems in Panembahan Senopati hospital. Methods: This study is a qualitative descriptive with case study design through field observation, interviews and review of documents, then do a risk assessment of the probability (likelihood) and severity using a risk matrix model according to the AS/NZS 4360:2004 guidelines. Results: 15 elements of fire alarm and detection systems were studied, there were 13 elements (80%) that appropriate and 2 elements (20%) were not. Then all of 7 elements of automatic sprinkler systems, there was no element (0%) that appropriate or all of elements (100%) were not. For 15 elements of APAR category there were 14 elements (93.33%) that appropriate and only 1 element (6.67%) was not. For 30 elements of standpipe system and fire hose box, there was no element (0%) that appropriate and all of elements (100%) were not. Then for 12 Fire Safety Management there were 11 elements (91.67%) that appropriate and only 1 element (8.33%) was not. Conclusion: For all of elements that were studied, there were 38 elements (48.10%) that appropriate and 41 (51.90%) were not appropriate to the application standard of the active fire protection systems. The risk level of fire spreading based on the appropriate of active fire protection system was classified as Moderate Risk category.

Kata Kunci : Analisis Risiko, Kebakaran, Sistem Proteksi Kebakaran Aktif