PENGEMBANGAN INSTALASI GAWAT DARURAT (IGD) RUMAH SAKIT PANTI RAPIH YOGYAKARTA BERBASIS EVIDENCE-BASED DESIGN (EBD) DAN KEBUTUHAN PENGGUNA DI IGD

SISILIA WIDIYATI, Prof. dr. Adi Utarini MPH.,MSc.,PhD.

2017 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang: Kepadatan di IGD karena kenaikan kunjungan pasien menjadi perhatian duniainternasional karena kepadatan sering dikaitkan dengan hasil negatif di dalam pelayanan kesehatanSeiring dengan kenaikan kunjungan pasien IGD, RS Panti Rapih Yogyakarta berencana untuk melakukan perluasan dan pengembangan IGD. Pengembangan IGD tersebut hendaknya mengikutiinovasi berdasarkan Evidence-Based Design untuk meningkatkan keselamatan pasien dan outcomekesehatan pasien. Tujuan: Merancang pengembangan tata ruang (lay-out) IGD RS Panti Rapih Yogyakartaberdasarkan Evidence-Based Design dan kebutuhan pengguna di IGD. Metode: Penelitian studi kasus deskriptif dengan desain kasus tunggal holistik. Analisis diskriptidilakukan berdasarkan identifikasi kesenjangan kondisi eksisting dengan Evidence-Based Designobservasi dan wawancara semi terstruktur dengan pasien IGD, staf bagian teknik bangunan, petugaspemberi layanan di IGD serta direksi. Hasil: Prinsip-prinsip Evidence-Based Design sudah diterapkan di IGD RS Panti RapihYogyakarta, meskipun masih membutuhkan peningkatan di dalam pengembangan IGD, karenmasih terdapat kesenjangan antara kondisi eksisting dengan prinsip-prinsip Evidence-Based DesignElemen desain fisik bangunan dan kebutuhan pengguna IGD dikategorikan di dalam tiga aspekperfoma bangunan, yaitu: (1) aspek teknik (health /safety /security), (2) aspek fungsi (functionality/efficiency) dan (3) aspek perilaku (psychological comfort, cultural, aesthetic). Kesenjanganterbesar antara kondisi eksisting dengan prinsip Evidence-Based Design dan Pedoman TeknisKementrian Kesehatan RI terletak pada aspek fungsi. Kesimpulan: Desain tata ruang pengembangan IGD mengacu prinsip-prinsip Evidence-BasedDesign (EBD) mengendalikan infeksi di antara pasien dan petugas layanan kesehatan sert mengatasi kepadatan di IGD meskipun membutuhkan beberapa penyesuaian elemen desain fisikkarena harus selaras dengan Pedoman Teknis Bangunan Rumah Sakit Kementrian Kesehatan Rdan bisnisplan yang ditetapkan oleh organisasi.

Background: Overcrowding in Emergency Department is caused by the increase of the patient visit become an international issue because overcrowding is often related to the negative result in the medical service. As the annual number of emergency department (ED) visits increases, Panti Rapih Hospital Yogyakarta needs Emergency Department expansion and development. The Emergency Department development should be relevant with Evidence-Based Design innovations to optimize patient safety and patient health outcome. Objective: To design Emergency Department development plan of Panti Rapih Hospital Yogyakarta based on Evidence-Based Design principles and occupants needs in the Emergency Department. Method: This research is a descriptive case study with single holistic case design. The descriptive analysis was done based on the identification of the gap between the existing condition and the Evidence-Based Design principles, observation and semi structured interviews with the patients, building technique staffs, ED staffs, and the board of director. Result: Evidence-Based Design principles was already implemented in the Emergency Department of Panti Rapih Hospital Yogyakarta, even though improvements to the development of the ED are still needed because there are gaps between the existing condition and the Evidence-Based Design (EBD) principles. Physical design attributes and occupants needs in Emergency Department are categorized into three building performance level/aspect, they are: (1) the health/safety/security aspect, (2) the functionality/efficiency aspect, (3) the psychological comfort, cultural, aesthetic aspect. The biggest gap between the Evidence-Based Design and the Technical Guide from the Indonesian Health Ministry lies on the functional aspect. Conclusion: Emergency Department development plan of Panti Rapih Hospital Yogyakarta must be able to meet Evidence-Based Design principles to control or prevent infection spread between the patient and the medical staff and can solve the crowding in the ED, even though it is necessary to design EDs layout in accordance with local regulation of Ministry of Health and the master plan of the organization.

Kata Kunci : Evidence Based Design (EBD), pengembangan IGD, tata ruang pengembangan IGD, Evidence Based Design (EBD), Emergency Department development plan, Emergency Department layout.