HUBUNGAN FREKUENSI RADIOTERAPI DENGAN STATUS GIZI PADA PASIEN KANKER PAYUDARA DI RSUP DR. SARDJITO YOGYAKARTA

YUNITA RIZKI ANISA PUTRI, Dr. Susetyowati, DCN, M.Kes ; dr. I Dewa Putu Pramantara S, Sp.PD., K-Ger ; Aviria Ermamilia, S.Gz, M.Gizi, R.D

2017 | Skripsi | S1 GIZI KESEHATAN

Latar Belakang : Kanker payudara merupakan jenis kanker yang paling banyak terjadi di kalangan wanita. Salah satu metode terapi yang digunakan dalam pengobatan kanker adalah radioterapi. Radioterapi dapat menimbulkan berbagai masalah gastrointestinal seperti mual, muntah, anoreksia, malabsorbsi, disfagia, dan lainnya. Masalah tersebut dapat berdampak pada status gizi pasien kanker yang menjalani radioterapi. Sejauh ini sudah banyak penelitian yang menyatakan bahwa radioterapi dapat mempengaruhi status gizi pasien kanker. Namun belum ada penelitian yang secara spesifik menghubungkan frekuensi radioterapi dengan status gizi terutama pada pasien kanker payudara. Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan antara frekuensi radioterapi dengan status gizi pada pasien kanker payudara di RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Jumlah subjek penelitian sebanyak 85 pasien kanker payudara yang menjalani radioterapi di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. Sampel diambil secara purposive sampling. Semua subjek dilakukan pengukuran berat badan, tinggi badan, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), lingkar lengan atas (LLA) serta diwawancara menggunakan kuisioner Patient Generated-Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Data dianalisis untuk melihat gambaran frekuensi terapi, status gizi, serta hubungan keduanya. Analisis hubungan antara frekuensi radioterapi dengan status gizi berdasarkan IMT, LLA, dan PG-SGA menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil : Frekuensi terapi memiliki rentang nilai sebesar 1-35 kali dengan median 10 kali. Sebagian besar (37,6%) pasien kanker payudara tengah menjalani radioterapi di minggu kedua (terapi ke-6-10). Malnutrisi pada pasien kanker payudara sebanyak 5,9% berdasarkan IMT, 23,5% berdasarkan LLA, dan 49,4% berdasarkan PG-SGA. Berdasarkan analisis hubungan, tidak terdapat hubunga antara frekuensi radioterapi dengan status gizi berdasarkan IMT (p=0,737) dan LLA (p=0,078). Namun terdapat hubungan antara frekuensi radioterapi dengan status gizi berdasarkan PG-SGA (p=0,040). Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan frekuensi radioterapi dengan status gizi berdasarkan IMT dan LLA. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara frekuensi radioterapi dengan status gizi berdasarkan PG-SGA.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women. One of the therapeutic methods used in cancer treatment is radiotherapy. Radiotherapy can cause various gastrointestinal problems such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, malabsorption, dysphagia, and others. These problems can have an impact on the nutritional status of cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. So far, many studies have suggested that radiotherapy can affect the nutritional status of cancer patients. But there is no specific research that correlates the frequency of radiotherapy with nutritional status, especially in breast cancer patients. Objective : To understand the association between frequency of radiotherapy and nutritional status on breast cancer patients in Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. Methods : Observational research with cross-sectional design. The number of research subjects were 85 breast cancer patients who were undergoing radiotherapy in Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. Samples were taken by purposive sampling. All subjects were measured for body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and interviewed using a Patient Generated-Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) questionnaire. Data were analyzed to see the description of the frequency of therapy, nutritional status, and their relationship. The analysis of the relationship between radiotherapy frequency with nutritional status based on BMI, MUAC, and PG-SGA using chi-square test. Results : The frequency of therapy has a range of values from 1 to 35 times with a median of 10 times. Most of breast cancer patients (37.6%) were undergoing radiotherapy in the second week (6-10th therapy). Malnutrition in breast cancer patients was 5.9% based on BMI, 23.5% based on MUAC, and 49.4% based on PG-SGA. Based on relationship analysis, there was no relationship between frequency of radiotherapy with nutritional status based on BMI (p=0,737) and MUAC (p=0,078). However, there was a correlation between frequency of radiotherapy and nutritional status based on PG-SGA (p=0.040). Conclusion : There was no significant correlation of radiotherapy frequency with nutritional status based on BMI and MUAC. There was a significant relationship between radiotherapy frequency and nutritional status based on PG-SGA.

Kata Kunci : Frekuensi Radioterapi, IMT, LLA, PG-SGA, Kanker Payudara