PRARANCANGAN PABRIK CELLULOSE MURNI DARI BAGASSE � AMPAS TEBU KAPASITAS 25.000 TON/TAHUN

ANDRE RACHMAN, Ahmad Tawfiequrrahman Yuliansyah, S.T., M.T., D.Eng.

2016 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK KIMIA

Selulosa telah lama dikenal sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan serat polyester yang merupakan salah satu komponen utama bahan penyusun tekstil serta berperan penting dalam pembuatan pulp. Bahan baku pembuatan selulosa dapat diperoleh dari berbagai sumber seperti kulit kayu, buah seperti apel dan buah pir, jagung, hingga ampas tebu (bagasse). Ampas tebu yang sebagian besar dihasilkan oleh pabrik gula, mengandung selulosa sebanyak 25-50%, sehingga sangat potensial jika dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan selulosa. Terdapat dua proses utama dalam pemurnian selulosa, yaitu proses penghilangan pentosan dan proses penghilangan lignin. Proses penghilangan pentosan menggunakan proses hidrolisis yang dijalankan pada suhu 150 ºC dan tekanan 7 atm. Proses penghilangan lignin menggunakan proses soda yang dijalankan pada suhu 160 °C dan tekanan 7 atm. Hasil dari proses pemurnian selulosa tersebut merupakan produk yang dikehendaki, yaitu selulosa dengan kemurnian 92,00 %. Selain proses utama, pabrik ini juga membutuhkan utilitas berupa steam sebanyak 2.892,33 kg/jam, air proses sebanyak 3.942,61 kg/jam, udara tekan sebanyak 49,90 m3 /jam, bahan bakar sebanyak 1.094,15 kg/jam, dan listrik sebanyak 616,79 kW. Pabrik ini akan didirikan diatas tanah seluas 30.000 m2 di Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, Propinsi Lampung. Pabrik ini direncanakan beroperasi 24 jam/hari selama 330 hari/tahun dengan kapasitas produksi 25.000 ton/tahun. Pabrik ini dijalankan dengan membutuhkan tenaga kerja sebanyak 161 orang. Total Capital Investment yang dibutuhkan untuk mendirikan pabrik ini sebesar $ 33.500.574. Total Production Cost yang dikeluarkan oleh pabrik ini sebesar $ 23.836.921. Profit before taxes yang diperoleh sebesar $ 6.163.079 dan profit after taxes sebesar $ 3.081.540. Return On Investment (ROI) sebelum pajak (ROIb) sebesar 23,10 %. Return On Investment (ROI) setelah pajak (ROIa) sebesar 11,55 %. Pay Out Time (POT) sebelum pajak (POTb) sebesar 3,02 tahun. Pay Out Time (POT) setelah pajak (POTa) sebesar 4,64 tahun. Break Even Point (BEP) sebesar 50,31 %, dengan Shut Down Point (SDP) sebesar 22,34 %. Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return (DCFRR) sebesar 25,46 %. Dengan mempertimbangkan hasil perhitungan evaluasi ekonomi tersebut, maka pabrik ini layak untuk dikaji lebih lanjut.

Cellulose has long been known as the manufacture of polyester fibers, which is one major component of constituent materials of textiles as well as play an important role in the manufacture of pulp. Raw material for cellulose can be obtained from various sources such as bark, fruits such as apples and pears, corn, until bagasse (bagasse). Bagasse which is largely produced by the sugar factory, containing cellulose as much as 25-50%, so it is a potential if used as a raw material for cellulose. There are two main processes in the refining cellulose, which is pentosan removal process and lignin removal process. Pentosan removal process uses hydrolysis processes that run at a temperature of 150 ° C and a pressure of 7 atm. Lignin removal process using soda processes that run at a temperature of 160 ° C and a pressure of 7 atm. Results of the purification cellulose is a desired product, cellulose with a purity of 92.00 %. In addition to the main process, this plant also requires utilities in the form of steam as much as 2,892.33 kg/hour, the process water as much as 3,942.61 kg/hour, compressed air as much as 49.90 m3 /hour, fuel as much as 1,094.15 kg/hour, and electricity as much as 616.79 kW. This plant will be built on a land area of 30,000 m2 in South Lampung regency, Lampung. The factory is planned to operate 24 hours/day for 330 days/year with a production capacity of 25,000 tons / year. The factory is run by requiring a workforce of 161 people. Total Capital Investment is needed to establish this plant amounted to $ 33,500,574. Total Production Cost incurred by the factory is $ 23,836,921. Profit before taxes earned $ 6,163,079 and profit after taxes amounted to $ 3,081,540. Return On Investment (ROI) before taxes (ROIb) amounted to 23.10%. Return On Investment (ROI) after tax (ROIa) amounted to 11.55%. Pay Out Time (POT) before taxes (POTb) for 3.02 years. Pay Out Time (POT) after tax (POTa) for 4.64 years. Break Even Point (BEP) of 50.31%, with 22.34% of Shut Down Point (SDP). Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return (DCFRR) amounted to 25.46%. Taking into account the results of the calculation of the economic evaluation, then this plant deserves to be studied further.

Kata Kunci : selulosa, perancangan pabrik, bagasse, ampas tebu