MORFOMETRIK BELANAK DI PERAIRAN ESTUARI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

ADISTYA N, Dr. Eko Setyobudi, S.Pi., M.Si. ; Dr. Ir. Djumanto, M.Sc.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA PERIKANAN

Informasi tentang spesies belanak di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) masing sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter dan variasi morfometrik belanak, mengetahui jenis belanak di perairan estuari DIY, dan mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan belanak. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan jaring insang setiap dua minggu dari bulan April sampai bulan Agustus 2014. Sejumlah 384 ikan didapatkan dari penangkapan di estuari Bogowonto, Serang, Progo dan Opak. Sampel yang digunakan berukuran lebih dari 10 cm. Sejumlah 10 karakter meristik dan 21 karakter morfometrik diukur pada masing-masing sampel. Semua sampel yang tertangkap di hitung jumlah sisik dan tulang sirip, kemudian dilakukan dokumentasi untuk mengambilan data morfometrik. Analisis data morfometrik menggunakan analisis Diskriminan, analisis Duncan, Analisis Kanonikal dan analisis Klaster. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 6 spesies belanak, yaitu Chelon macrolepis, Chelon melinopterus, Chelon subviridis, Moolgarda engeli, Mugil cephalus, dan Valamugil buchanani. Perbedaan utama karakter meristik terdapat pada jumlah sisik linea lateralis dan perbedaan karakter morfometrik terdapat pada garis truss bagian dalam pada sisi badan dan ekor. Variasi morfometrik belanak menujukkan persentase perbedaan berkisar antara 33.3%-71,4%. Hubungan kekerabatan yang paling dekat adalah Moolgarda engeli dan C. melinopterus; keduanya memiliki hubungan kekerabatan dekat dengan C. macrolepis; ketiganya memiliki hubungan kekerabatan dekat dengan C. subviridis, dan pada cabang yang lain V. buchanani memiliki hubungan kekerabatan yang dekat dengan M. cephalus. Hubungan kekerabatan belanak menunjukkan bahwa beberapa spesies belanak belum tentu dekat secara morfometrik walaupun dekat secara genetik.

Information about mullet species in Yogyakarta Special Region is very rare. The aim of this research was to know mullet species which in habitat in DIY using character morphometric and to know their relation among mullets species. Samples were collected beweekly from early of April to end of August 2014. Fishing was done using gillnet. All mullet was collected and then transferred to laboratory for collection of meristic data and photograph taken for morphometric data. The total number of fish sample from Bogowonto, Serang, Progo and Opak was 384 individualy. Fish that has length size more than 10 cm were used as samples. A total of 10 meristic characters and 21 morphometric character were measured in each sample. Meristic character counted were namely the number of scale and fin bones of fish, while morphometric characters measured were the length of the truss lines on the head, trunk, and tail of the fish. Morphometric data were analyzed using discriminant analysis, Duncan analysis, canonical analysis, and cluster analysis. The result show that there were 6 mullet species, namely Chelon macrolepis, Chelon melinopterus, Chelon subviridis, Moolgarda engeli, Mugil cephalus, dan Valamugil buchanani. The main difference was showed by character on the number of lateral linear scale and the morphometric character difference on the inner truss line on the side and the tail. The precentage difference of morphometric variation betwen mullet ranged from 33,3%-71,4%. The relation of species Moolgarda engeli and C. melinopterus was closest. Both of those spesies were relation closest to C. macrolepis. While the rest of the species were relation closest to C. subviridis. And other banches V. buchanani was closest to M. cephalus. In conclution, there relationship of relative among mullet base on morphometric caracter was closest, however genetically difference.

Kata Kunci : spesies, Chelon subviridis, Opak, kanonikal, meristik.