Pembuatan Edible Film Kitosan/Polietilen Glikol sebagai Pembungkus Buah agar Terhindar dari Lalat Buah Hama Bactrocera carambolae

INTAN PURNAMASARI, Dr. Deni Pranowo, M.Si.; Dr. Winarto Haryadi, M.Si.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 KIMIA

Dalam rangka mengetahui potensi edible film kitosan/polietilen glikol (PEG) sebagai pembungkus buah agar terindar dari peletakan telur lalat buah hama B. carambolae telah dilakukan kajian pengaruh rasio berat kitosan/PEG dan konsentrasi larutan kitosan/PEG terhadap sifat mekanik film. Campuran kitosan dan PEG dibuat dengan variasi rasio berat kitosan/PEG 1,0/0,0; 0,8/0,2; dan 0,7/0,3. Larutan kitosan/PEG dalam asam asetat 1,0% v/v dibuat dari campuran kitosan/PEG tersebut dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; dan 2,0% b/v. Film kitosan/PEG dibuat dengan mengeringkan larutan kitosan/PEG dalam cawan petri pada temperatur 60 °C selama ±12 jam. Sifat mekanik film kitosan/PEG diuji menggunakan Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Karakterisasi gugus fungsi dan permukaan film kitosan/PEG dilakukan dengan Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Sampel buah jambu biji merah (Psidium guajava L.) digunakan untuk uji potensi film kitosan/PEG sebagai penolak peletakan telur (Insect Ovipositing Repellent/IOR) tehadap lalat buah hama B. carambolae. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio berat kitosan/PEG berpengaruh terhadap sifat mekanik film kitosan/PEG. Sifat mekanik yang terbaik yaitu kuat tarik rendah dan persen perpanjangan tertinggi diperoleh pada film kitosan/PEG dengan rasio berat 0,7/0,3 dengan konsentrasi larutan kitosan/PEG 1,5%. Berdasarkan nilai OAI (Oviposition Activity Index) film kitosan/PEG rasio berat 1,0/0,0; 0,8/0,2; dan 0,7/0,3 berpotensi sebagai IOR terhadap lalat buah B. carambolae.

In order to know the potency of chitosan/polyethylene glycol (PEG) edible film as Insect Ovipositing Repellent (IOR) againts B. carambolae fruit fly has been conducted to know the effect of chitosan/PEG weight ratio and concentration of chitosan/PEG solution on mechanical properties of film. Chitosan and PEG mixture was made by weight ratio variation of chitosan/PEG. Chitosan/PEG solution in 1.0% v/v acetic acid was prepared from chitosan/PEG mixture at variation of concentration: 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; and 2.0% w/v. Chitosan/PEG film was prepared by drying chitosan/PEG solution in petri dish at 60 °C for ±12 h. The mechanical properties of chitosan/PEG films were tested using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Characterization of functional groups and morphology of chitosan film/PEG were conducted by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Guava as sample (Psidium guajava L.) was used for testing the potential of chitosan/PEG film as IOR againsts the B. carambolae fruit fly. The results showed that weight ratio of chitosan/PEG giving effect on mechanical properties of chitosan/PEG film. The best of mechanical properties with low tensile strength and the highest elongation were obtained from 0.7/0.3 weight ratio of chitosan/PEG film with 1.5% concentration. Based on OAI (Oviposition Activity Index) value showed that chitosan/PEG film ratio 1.0/0.0; 0.8/0.2 had potential as IOR against B. carambolae fruit fly.

Kata Kunci : B. carambolae, edible film kitosan, Insect Ovipositing Repellent, PEG