Efek Air Rebusan Buah Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) terhadap Pertumbuhan Koloni Bakteri Plak Gigi in vitro

DEWI SUSANTI, Dr. drg. Juni Handajani, M.Kes., Ph.D dan Dr. drg. Alma L. Jonarta, M.Kes

2017 | Skripsi | S1 HIGIENE GIGI

INTISARI Plak gigi merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya karies gigi. Karies gigi dapat dicegah dengan cara kontrol plak secara mekanis dan kimiawi. Klorheksidin merupakan agen kimiawi yang dapat mengontrol plak, namun memiliki efek samping seperti sensasi terbakar dan iritasi mukosa mulut. Buah belimbing wuluh merupakan bahan alami yang memiliki senyawa aktif berupa flavonoid, triterpenoid, dan saponin yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek air rebusan buah belimbing wuluh terhadap pertumbuhan koloni bakteri plak gigi in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mencampurkan 1 ml biakan bakteri plak, 2 ml kaldu BHI, dan 2 ml perlakuan (air rebusan buah belimbing wuluh 24%, 28%, 32% dan kontrol negatif). Selanjutnya larutan diinkubasi selama 24 jam pada suhu 37oC dan dilakukan pengenceran sebanyak 5 kali. Sepuluh µl dari masing-masing pengenceran ketiga, keempat, dan kelima ditanam pada agar BHI dan diinkubasi selama 24 jam pada suhu 37oC. Jumlah koloni bakteri yang tumbuh dihitung dan dilakukan analisis statistika menggunakan uji ANOVA. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa air rebusan buah belimbing wuluh signifikan dalam menurunkan jumlah koloni bakteri plak gigi (p<0,05) bila dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol negatif. Hasil uji LSD menunjukkan bahwa kelompok perlakuan air rebusan buah belimbing wuluh 24%, 28%, dan 32% tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan. Disimpulkan bahwa air rebusan buah belimbing wuluh konsentrasi 24%, 28%, dan 32% memiliki efektifitas yang sama dalam menurunkan jumlah koloni bakteri plak gigi in vitro.

ABSTRACT Dental plaque is the main cause of dental caries. It can be prevented by doing mechanical or chemical plaque control. Chlorhexidine is a mouthwash agent for controlling plaque by chemically or mechanically, but it has side effects such as burn sensation and mucosal irritation. Bilimbi fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) is a natural substance that possesses active compounds such as flavonoid, triterpenoid, and saponin which act as an antibacterial agents. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of bilimbi fruit decoction against the growth of dental plaque colony bacteria in vitro. One ml of plaque bacteria suspension mixed with 2 ml of BHI broth, and 2 ml of treatment (24%, 28%, 32% of bilimbi fruit decoction solutions and negative control). Furthermore, the solutions was incubated for 24 hours at 37°C and diluted five times. Ten µl of each third, fourth, and fifth dilutions was cultured in the BHI agar and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. The bacteria colonies was calculated and then analyzed with statistical analysis used ANOVA. ANOVA test showed that bilimbi fruit decoction had significant difference to reduce the amount of dental plaque bacteria colonies (p <0.05). LSD test showed that the 24%, 28%, and 32% of bilimbi fruit decoction had no significant difference. In conclusion, that the 24%, 28%, and 32% of bilimbi fruit decoction had the same effectiveness to reduce the number of dental plaque bacteria colonies in vitro. Keywords: caries, Averrhoa bilimbi Linn, plaque bacteria

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci: karies; buah belimbing wuluh; bakteri plak/ Keywords: caries; Averrhoa bilimbi Linn; plaque bacteria