STUDI BIOEKOLOGI NYAMUK Aedes spp. di DAERAH ENDEMIS DBD (Kelurahan Punggolaka Kota Kendari Sulawesi Tenggara)

ACHMAD SAIFUL, 1. dr. Tri Baskoro T. Satoto, M.Sc., P.hD. 2.Prof. Dr. Suwarno Hadisusanto, S.U

2017 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Tropis

INTISARI Latar Belakang : Kelurahan Punggolaka diketahui sebagai wilayah endemis DBD di Kota Kendari. Angka DBD tahun 2013 terdapat 4 kasus, tahun 2014 terdapat 2 kasus, pada tahun 2015 naik menjadi 23 kasus, dan pada periode Januari hingga April di tahun 2016 terdapat 12 kasus, 3 meninggal, dan belum diketahui faktor bioekologi mana yang paling berperan dalam perkembangbiakan nyamuk Aedes spp. di wilayah Kota Kendari khususnya di Kelurahan Punggolaka. Tujuan Penelitian : Untuk mengetahui faktor bioekologi nyamuk Aedes spp. di Kelurahan Punggolaka Metode Penelitian : Penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional. Pengamatan dan pengukuran dilakukan berulang pada masing-masing lokasi penelitian Hasil : Nilai House Index (HI) selama tiga bulan adalah 81,0%. Terdapat 19,0% rumah negatif larva. Angka ini tidak memenuhi standar nasional yaitu <5% untuk angka HI. Rata-rata indikator Container index (CI) dan Breteau Index (BI) adalah 50.5% dan 233%, nilai Pupa Index (PI) yaitu 3,90%. Angka-angka tersebut masuk dalam kategori tinggi karena berada pada tingkat 9. Larva nyamuk Ae. aegypti sebanyak 473 larva (66.89%), larva nyamuk Ae. albopictus sebanyak 203 larva (28.64%) dan larva nyamuk Culex sp. sebanyak 22 larva (5.57%). Kontainer yang paling banyak terdapat larva yaitu drum (27.65%) dan bak mandi (27.22). Controllable sites (CS) berjumlah 1164 dengan positif larva sebanyak 583 buah, Disposable sites (DS) sebanyak 207 kontainer dengan positif larva sebanyak 115 kontainer. Breeding risk index (BRI), Hygiene risk index (HRI) dan Maya Index (MI) termasuk kategori sedang dengan nilai (67,7%), (83,8%) dan (61,2%). Curah hujan rata-rata yaitu sebesar 205.0 mm, temperatur 27°C, dan kelembaban nisbi sebesar 84.5%. Kesimpulan : Faktor bioekologi vektor Dengue di Kelurahan Punggolaka selama tiga bulan adalah tinggi. Kelurahan Punggolaka mempunyai risiko tinggi untuk kontak dengan nyamuk Aedes sp. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah angka HI, CI, BI menunjukkan angka tersebut termasuk dalam kategori tinggi, nilai PI termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Drum dan bak mandi/wc adalah jenis kontainer yang paling banyak ditemukan larva. Aedes aegypti adalah spesies yang paling banyak ditemukan dilokasi penelitian, kemudian Aedes albopictus, dan spesies yang paling sedikit ditemukan adalah Culex sp. Nilai BRI, HRI, dan MI termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Faktor klimatologi berhubungan dengan kejadian DBD.

ABSTRACT Background : Punggolaka Village known as endemic areas of dengue fever in Kendari city. Value of dengue fever in 2013 are 4 cases, there are 2 cases in 2014, in 2015 increased to 23 cases, and on Januari until April in 2016 there are 12 cases, 3 people died. Unknown factors of bioecology which most responsible in the poliferation and Aedes spp. in Kendari city area especially on Punggolaka Village. Research Purpose : To determine the bioecology factors of Aedes spp. on Punggolaka Village Research Methods : Descriptif research with cross sectional design, observation and measurement were repeated at each research areas The Results: Value of House Index (H1) for 3 months is 81,0%. There were 19,0% negatif of the houses larvae. This value did not fulfill national standart is <5% for H1. The indicators avarage of Container Index (CI), Breteau Index (BI) and Pupa Index (PI) were 152,7 %, 233% and 3,90%. The values were included in the high category because they were at a rate of 9th. Larvae of Ae aegypti as many as 473 larvaes (67,77%), Larvae of Ae.albopictus as many as 210 larvaes (29, 08%) and Larvae of Culex sp. as many as 22 larvaes (31,51%). Containers which were most numerous larvae drum ( 27, 65%) and bathtub (27,22). Controllable sites (CS) were 1164 with positives larvae about 583 fruit, disposable sites (DS) around 207 containers with some positive larvae 115 container. Breeding risk index (BRI), hygiene risk index (HRI) and category maya index (MI) was worth (67,7 %), (83,8 %) and (61,2 %). Rainfall the average is as much as 205.0 mm, temperature 27°C, and humidity is 84.5 %. Conclussion : Vektor bioecology factors in Punggolaka Village for 3 months were high. Punggolaka Village has a high risk for contatc with Aedes sp. The results was the number of HI, CI, BI shows a the included in a category high, PI value included in medium category. The drums and a bathtub/toilets is the type container most common to find larvae. Aedes aegypti is a species of most common to find in the research locations, then Aedes albopictus, and species the least to find is Culex sp. BRI, HRI, and MI value included in medium category. Factors climatology relating to the incident dengue fever.

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci : Bioekologi, indeks larva, pupa indeks, maya indeks.