STUDY OF RESPIRATORY RATE ON JAVAN LEOPARD (Panthera pardus melas) IN GEMBIRA LOKA ZOO, YOGYAKARTA

CAROL YAP, CARL ROCK, drh. Slamet Raharjo, M.P.

2016 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Panthera pardus melas adalah macan tutul yang hanya ditemukan di Jawa, dan saat ini menghadapi risiko kepunahan karena jumlah populasi menurun. Sebagian besar macan tutul jawa yang berkembang biak dan di penangkaran untuk mencegah kepunahan. Saat ini, belum terdapat data mengenai frekuensi nafas dari macan tutul Jawa. Hal ini penting, karena frekuensi napas merupakan salah satu parameter penting untuk menentukan status kesehatan hewan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari frekuensi nafas pada macan tutul Jawa Kebun Binatang di Gembira Loka, Yogyakarta. Tiga macan tutul Jawa sehat betina berusia 2 tahun digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Macan tutul Jawa diberi pakan dan air minum ad libitum. Selama 3 hari berturut-turut frekuensi nafas macan tutul Jawa diukur pada jam 6 pagi, 12 siang dan 4 sore setiap hari. Frekuensi nafas diukur dengan menghitung kembang kempisnya torakoabdominal selama respirasi. Faktor manipulatif untuk penelitian ini adalah suhu dan kelembaban lingkungan. Data sekunder diukur dengan menggunakan termometer dan hygrometer. Data yang dikumpulkan dibandingkan dengan suhu lingkungan dan kelembaban di pagi, siang dan sore hari. Data kemudian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan Analisis One way Varians (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian Panthera pardus melas memiliki frekuensi nafas dalam rentang pagi 26-65 x/ menit dengan rata-rata 38± 7x/menit, siang 25-138x/ menit dengan rata-rata 63± 9x/menit, dan sore 47-93 dengan rata-rata 66± 9x/menit. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (P<0,05) antara frekuensi nafas pagi, siang dan sore, namun tidak signifikan (P>0,05) antara frekuensi nafas siang dan sore. Suhu dan kelembaban menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (P<0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa, secara keseluruhan frekuensi nafas macan tutul jawa adalah 25-138 x/menit dengan rata-rata 56± 9 x/menit. Suhu dan kelembaban lingkungan mempengaruhi frekuensi pernapasan Panthera pardus melas.

Panthera pardus melas is a leopard that can only be found on Java, and currently facing the risk of extinction as the numbers of population are decreasing. Many Javan leopards are breed and kept in captive to prevent it from extinct. Currently, there are no reports on the respiratory rate of a captive Javan leopard. It is important, as the respiratory rates are one of the important parameter to determine the state of health of the animal. The objective of this study is to study the respiratory rate on Javan leopard in Gembira Loka Zoo, Yogyakarta. In this research, three healthy females Javan leopard aged 2 years old were used in this study. The Javan leopards were given planned feed and ad libitum water source, and being raised in Gembira Loka Zoo, Yogyakarta. For 3 consecutive days the respiratory rate of the Javan Leopards were measured from 2nd of June 2015 to 4th of June 2015 at 6AM, 12AM, and 4PM everyday. The respiratory rate was measured by counting the raise and fall of thoracoabdominal movement during respiration. The manipulative factor for this study is the environmental temperature and humidity of the environment. The secondary data was measured using thermometer and hygrometer. The data collected was compared with environment temperature and humidity in the morning, afternoon and evening. The data were then analyzed statistically using the Oneway Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results obtain of the Panthera pardus melas respiratory rates in the morning range 26-65 x/minute with an average of 38± 7 x/minute, in the afternoon range 25-138 x/minute with an average of 63± 9 x/minute, in the evening range 47-93 with an average of 66± 9 x/minute. There are significant difference (P<0.05) between respiratory frequency in the morning and afternoon, but no significant difference (P>0.05) between respiratory frequency in the morning and afternoon. When compared to environment temperature and humidity showed significant difference. It was concluded that the respiratory rate of Panthera pardus melas ranges from 25-138 times per minute, with an average of 56± 9 times per minute. The environment temperature and humidity affects the respiratory rate of Panthera pardus melas.

Kata Kunci : Javan Leopard, respiratory rate, environment temperature, humidity.