PRODUKTIVITAS INDUK SAPI BALI DENGAN PAKAN LEGUM PENUTUP TANAH PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DIKOMBINASIKAN DENGAN PELEPAH DAN BUNGKIL INTI SAWIT

IDA KETUT MUDHITA MAHOSADI, Prof. Dr. Ir. Endang Baliarti, S.U.;Ir. Subur Priyono Sasmito Budhi, Ph.D.;Nafiatul Umami S.Pt., M.P., Ph.D.

2017 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui produktivitas induk sapi Bali yang diberi pakan lengkap hasil samping perkebunan kelapa sawit. Pelaksanaan penelitian diawali dengan survei potensi hasil samping kebun sawit (di perusahaan, plasma, dan rakyat) dan kajian produksi legum penutup tanah yang ditanam dengan penambahan rhizobium dan urin sapi Bali di Kalimantan Timur, kemudian melakukan analisis in vitro kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik pakan campuran legum penutup tanah Puero, pelepah sawit, dan bungkil inti sawit pada level protein dan TDN berbeda, serta terakhir mengkaji produktivitas induk sapi Bali yang diberikan pakan hasil analisis in vitro terbaik berbentuk mash dan pelet dibandingkan pakan rakyat bukan dari perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kalimantan Tengah. Hasil survei menunjukkan legum Puero paling berpotensi sebagai pakan sapi atas dasar nutrien (PK 20,24%, dan TDN 63,49%), produksi (6,9 ton BK/ha), kecernaan (BK 50,26%, dan BO 52,46%), palatabilitas (konsumsi 3,29 kg BK/7,6 jam) serta pelepah sawit mempunyai produksi 7.1 ton BK/ha/th. Hasil penanaman Puero diperoleh biomassa 13,24 ton BK/ha dan meningkat 57,86% dengan penambahan rhizobium dan urin sapi Bali (P<0,05), serta mempunyai nilai nutrien PK 23,59% dan TDN 66,67%. Hasil analisis kecernaan in vitro menunjukkan kecernaan BK dan BO terbaik pada formula yang mengandung PK 13,18% dan TDN 58,94% dengan komposisi Puero 35%, pelepah sawit 25%, dan bungkil inti sawit 40%. Hasil kinerja induk sapi Bali menunjukkan peningkatan produktivitas dengan pakan perkebunan kelapa sawit baik dalam bentuk mash maupun pelet, dibanding yang dipelihara dengan pakan rakyat (P<0,05). Konsumsi BK 4,45 kg BK/hr pada pakan rakyat meningkat menjadi 5,69 kg BK/hr (naik 27,86%) pada pakan mash, dan meningkat menjadi 5,95 kg BK/hr (naik 33,82%) pada pakan pelet. Persentase konsumsi BK dibandingkan bobot hidup sebesar 1,86% pada pakan rakyat, 2,41% pada pakan mash, dan 2,49% pada pakan pelet. Peningkatan produktivitas induk diperoleh dari bobot lahir anak sapi, dari semula 15,07 kg di di peternakan rakyat meningkat menjadi 18,13 kg (naik 20,31%) dengan pakan mash dan 18,89 kg (naik 25,35%) dengan pakan pelet, dan dari lebih pendeknya birahi kembali setelah beranak, semula 69,9 hari di peternak rakyat menjadi 54,6 hari (dipercepat 15,3 hari) pada pakan mash dan 42,3 hari (dipercepat 17,6 hari) dengan pakan pelet. Biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk memproses pakan pelet sebesar Rp. 1.478,00/kg, harga tersebut lebih murah dibandingkan harga pakan komplit produksi dari Jawa. Disimpulkan bahwa produktivitas induk sapi Bali meningkat secara siginifikan dengan pemberian pakan dari perkebunan kelapa sawit dibanding hanya dipelihara dengan pakan di peternakan rakyat.

This aim of this study was to determining the productivity of the Bali cow fed with complete feed from oil palm plantations by-products. This research was conducted initially done with survey of potential by-product of oil palm plantations (at company, plasma, and smallholders) and production of legume cover crop with the addition of rhizobium and cattle urine in East Kalimantan. The next step was analyze in vitro digestibility of dry matter and organic matter, the mixing legume cover crop Puero with palm fronds and palm kernel cake at different levels of protein, and TDN. The last step was assesment on the productivity of Bali cows that fed the best formulas the result fed from previous step as mashed and pelleted shape than compare it to feed from private farmers outside the oil palm plantation in Central Kalimantan. The survey results showed Puero legumes and palm fronds from company plantations the most potentially as cattle feed based on nutient (20.24% CP, 63.49% TDN), digesbilitiy (50.26% DM, 5246% OM), palatability (3.29 kg DMI/7.6 hour), and production of oil palm frond 7.1 ton DM/ha/year. The results of the planting of Puero showed that biomass could reached 13.24 tonnes of DM/ha and increased by 57.86% with the addition of rhizobium inoculant and Bali cow urine (P<0.05). The in vitro digestibility showed the best of dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility on the formulas which contain 13.18% CP and 58.94% TDN with composition 35% of Puero, 25% of oil palm fronds, and 40% of palm kernel cake. The productivity of Bali cow showed was increased with oil palm plantation feed as mashed and pelleted then compare to private farmer feed (P<0,05). Dry matter intake was 4.45 kg/day on farmer feed increase to 5.69 kg/day (up 27.86%) in mash feed, and increase to 5.95 kg/day (up 33,82%) in pellet feed. The precentage of dry matter intake on body weight was 1.86% in farmer feed, 2.41% in mashed feed, and 2.49% in pelleted feed. The increase of reproduction performance (P<0,05) obtained from calf birth weight, from initially 15.07 kg with private farming feed increased to 18.13 kg (up to 20.31%) in mashed feed and to 18.89 kg (up 25.35%) in pellet feed and shorter postpartum estrus initially 69.9 days on private farming feed become 54.6 days on mashed feed (acceleration of 15.3 days) and 52.3 days on pelleted feed (acceleration of 17.6 days). The costs for processing of pellets Rp. 1,478.00/kg and it cheaper price with complete feed from Java production. It can be concluded that productivity of Bali cow that fed by oil palm plantation legume cover crop combined with oil palm frond and palm kernel cake was significantly increasing, comparing with the feed from private farming.

Kata Kunci : Produktivitas, Sapi Bali, Legum Puero, Pelepah sawit, Bungkil inti sawit