BIOMASSA IKAN DI WADUK PANGLIMA BESAR SOEDIRMAN KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA

BOENGA NURCITA, Prof. Dr. Suwarno Hadisusanto, S.U.

2017 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Ikan merupakan spesies yang paling terancam karena tingginya permintaan. Aktivitas penangkapan secara terus-menerus dan perbedaan kualitas air di lokasi inlet, tengah dan outlet mempengaruhi biomassa ikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis biomassa ikan berdasarkan lokasi inlet, tengah dan outlet di Waduk P.B. Soedirman, menganalisis faktor lingkungan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap biomassa ikan di Waduk P.B. Soedirman dan mendeskripsikan kondisi perairan yang meliputi faktor fisik, kimia dan biologi di Waduk P.B. Soedirman. Penelitian dilakukan di Waduk P.B. Soedirman, Kabupaten Banjarnegara menggunakan metode survei dengan teknik purposive random sampling. Tiga lokasi penelitian, yaitu: lokasi inlet, lokasi tengah dan lokasi outlet. Setiap lokasi penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga stasiun dengan tiga kali ulangan yaitu bulan Agustus, September dan Oktober 2016. Pencuplikan sampel ikan dilakukan pada pagi hari (pukul 7.00- 15.00 WIB) dan sore hari (pukul 15.00-24.00 WIB). Alat tangkap yang digunakan adalah gill net dengan mash size 1 inch. Pencuplikan sampel air dan plankton, pengukuran faktor fisik dan kimia perairan yang meliputi suhu, transparansi air, kedalaman, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) dan CO2 bebas pada pagi hari (pukul 08.00-13.00 WIB). Pengukuran faktor fisik dan kimia perairan yang meliputi turbiditas, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), nitrat dan fosfat dilakukan di laboratorium. Ikan hasil sampling di identifikasi di Laboratorium Taksonomi Hewan Fakultas Biologi Universitas Jenderal Soedirman Purwokerto. Biomassa diestimasi dengan Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE), analisis biomassa di setiap lokasi penelitian menggunakan analisis varian dengan software SPSS, korelasi biomassa dengan cacah individu dan panjang total menggunakan regresi linier dengan software SPSS dan korelasi antara faktor lingkungan dan biomassa menggunakan regresi tolok ganda bertahap dengan program PCA dan regresi linier dengan software SPSS. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa biomassa ikan di lokasi inlet, lokasi tengah dan lokasi outlet memiliki perbedaan. Lokasi outlet memiliki biomassa ikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan di lokasi inlet dan lokasi tengah. Parameter lingkungan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap biomassa ikan adalah tranparansi air. Kondisi perairan yang meliputi parameter fisik, kimia dan biologi, yaitu suhu air, transparansi air, kedalaman, turbiditas, TSS, pH, DO, karbondioksida bebas, BOD, COD, nitrat, fosfat dan plankton di Waduk P.B. Soedirman dalam kondisi baik dan layak untuk kehidupan ikan.

Fish is the most endangered species because the highest demand. Continuous fishing activity and the different of water quality at inlet locations, middle locations and outlet locations give any influences to fish biomass. The purposes of this research are to analyze fish biomass based on the inlet locations, middle locations and outlet locations in P.B. Soedirman Reservoir, to analyze enviromental factor that highest influences of fish biomass in P.B. Soedirman Reservoir and to describe the aquatic conditions which were physical, chemical and biology factors in P.B. Soedirman Reservoir. Research conducted in P.B. Soedirman Reservoir, Banjarnegara Regency were used survey methods, with purposive random sampling. There were research locations, which were inlet locations, middle locations dan outlet locations. Each research location splitted into three stasions with three of replicated on August, September and October 2016. Fish sampling were done at noon (07.00-15.00 Local Time) and at evening (15.00-24.00 Local Time). Net which used gill net with mash size 1 inch. Water and plankton sampling, aquatic physic and chemical factors measuring which were temperature, water transparency, depth, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and released of CO2 were done at noon (08.00-13.00 Local Time). Aquatic physic and chemical factors measuring which were turbidity, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), nitrate and phosphate were done at Laboratory. Sample species then identified in Animal Taxonomy Laboratory at Faculty of Biology Jenderal Soedirman University Purwokerto. Biomass was estimated by Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE), analysis of biomass at each research locations were used varian analysis with software SPSS, correlation of biomass with member of individuals and fish total length were used linier regression with software SPSS and correlation within enviromental factors and biomass which were used equal multiple regression on PCA (Principle Component Analysis) program and linier regression with software SPSS. During research fish biomass at inlet locations, middle locations and outlet locations has different biomass. Fish biomass in outlet locations is highest than inlet locations and middle locations. Enviromental factor that influences of fish biomass by water transparency. Aquatic condition including aquatic physic, chemical and biology parameter which were temperature, water transparency, depth, turbidity, TSS, pH, DO, released of carbondioxide, BOD, COD, nitrate, phosphate and plankton in P.B. Soedirman Reservoir were in good condition and suitable for fish life.

Kata Kunci : Biomass, Fish, P.B. Soedirman Reservoir, Population, Total length