FAMILY-FRIENDLY POLICIES DAN STRES KERJA: WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT SEBAGAI MEDIATOR DAN FAMILY SUPPORTIVE SUPERVISOR BEHAVIOR SEBAGAI MODERATOR

NURUL AYUNINGTYAS Z, Diana Setiyawati, S.Psi., MHSc, Ph.D., Psikolog

2017 | Tesis | S2 Psikologi Profesi

Peningkatan partisipasi tenaga kerja wanita, menuntut tenaga kerja wanita melakukan usaha lebih agar dapat menyeimbangkan antara pekerjaan dan keluarga. Stres kerja sering terjadi ketika tenaga kerja wanita harus memenuhi kedua beban yaitu beban keluarga dan pekerjaan di saat bersamaan. Terlebih lagi ketika kedua beban tersebut saling mencampuri beban lain, maka dapat menimbulkan work-family conflict. Family-friendly policies adalah suatu tindakan berupa kebijakan yang dapat dilakukan organisasi untuk membantu karyawan menyeimbangkan antara kehidupan kerja dan keluarga. Keberhasilan penerapan family-friendly policies harus diimbangi dengan dukungan sosial di lingkungan organisasi, seperti dukungan supervisor yang berfokus penyeimbangan antara keluarga dan kantor (FSSB). Terlebih lagi, FSSB juga dapat berperan menurunkan stres kerja yang dialami ibu bekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguju peran family-friendly policies di organsisi dengan stres kerja yang dihadapi tenaga kerja wanita, yang dimediatori oleh work-family conflict dan dimoderatori family supportive supervisor behavior. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu 106 ibu bekerja di wilayah Jakarta, analisis uji hipotesis dilakukan menggunakan bantuan SPSS Macro Process. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan work-family conflict terbukti dapat menjadi mediator peran family-friendly policies terhadap stres kerja, dengan besar total effect sebanyak -0,52 (p<0,05). FSSB pada penelitian ini tidak terbukti dapat menjadi moderator, akan tetapi FSSB terbukti dapat menurunkan stres kerja yang dialami ibu bekerja.

The increasing number of woman participation in work force demands the woman workers to put more effort in balancing their work and their family. Work stress often occurs when woman workers must meet at the same time both of the loads: family and work. Moreover, when both loads interfere with each other, it can lead to a work-family conflict. Family-friendly policy is an policy that can be implemented by organization to help their employees balance their work and family life. The successful implementation of family-friendly policies need to be supported by social support in the organization, such as family supportive supervisor behavior (FSSB). Moreover FSSB can also contribute to reduce job stress experienced by woman wokers. This research aims to examine the relationship between family-friendly policies in organization with job stress faced by woman workers, which is mediated by work-family conflict and moderated by family supportive supervisor behavior. Subjects of this study are 106 working mothers in Jakarta, hypothesis testing analysis was performed using SPSS Macro Process. The results show that work-family conflict is proved to be the mediator between the family-friendly policies and work stress, with large total effect as much as -0.52 (p <0.01). FSSB in this study has not proven to be a moderator , but FSSB proven to reduce work stress experienced by working mother.

Kata Kunci : Family-friendly policies, work stress, work-family conflict & family supportive supervisor behavior.