KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI SERANGGA DI ATAS TANAH PADA EKOSISTEM PADI SAWAH PHT, ORGANIK DAN KONVENSIONAL
EKA ARMI OVAWANDA , Dr. Ir. Witjaksono, M.Sc; Prof.Ir. Y. Andi Trisyono, M.Sc, Ph.D
2017 | Tesis | S2 ILMU HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHANMengukur biodiversitas serangga merupakan salah satu bagian penting dalam konsep pengelolaan populasi serangga hama berbasis ekologi. Ekosistem padi adalah salah satu ekosistem yang labil karena perubahan didalamnya berlangsung cepat akibat sistem budidaya yang diterapkan oleh petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman hayati spesies serangga di atas tanah serta fungsinya pada tiga eksosistem tanaman padi sawah yang berbeda yaitu PHT, organik dan konvensional dengan mengukur kekayaan spesies, kemerataan spesies dan heterogenitas. Pengambilan sampel diperoleh pada saat musim tanam April-Mei 2015 pada padi sawah organik dan konvensional di 44, 52 dan 66 hari setelah tanam, musim tanam Oktober-November 2015 pada padi sawah organik dan konvensional di 44, 52, 59 dan 66 hari setelah tanam, dan Agustus-September 2015 pada padi sawah PHT di 28, 37, 44, 52, 59 dan 60 hari setelah tanam. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan modifikasi D-Vac Vacuum. Kekayaan spesies tinggi berada di lahan padi sawah konvensional (7-13 spesies) pada musim tanam April-Mei 2015, sedangkan pada musim tanam Oktober-November 2015 kekayaan spesies tertinggi berada di lahan padi sawah organik (22-33 spesies). Padi sawah PHT kekayaan spesies 8-16, tertinggi berada pada plot 59 hari setelah tanam. Nilai kemerataan spesies dan heterogenitas tinggi berada di lahan padi sawah organik pada kedua musim tanam April-Mei 2015 dan Oktober-November 2015. Sedangkan di lahan padi sawah PHT nilai kemerataan spesies dan heterogenitas relatif rendah. Secara keseluruhan, sistem budidaya di ekosistem padi organik meningkatkan kekayaan spesies, kemerataan spesies dan heterogenitas serangga.
Measuring biodiversity of insects is one important part of the management concepts based on the insect pest population ecology. Rice farming ecosystem is one of the unstable ecosystems because there were rapid and ever changing conditions in the cultivation. This study aimed to determine the biodiversity of insects on the ground and their function in three different rice ecosystems: IPM, organic, and conventional system. The species richness, species evenness, and heterogeneity were measured. Samples were obtained during the growing season of April to May 2015 in the rice fields of organic and conventional when the plants at 44, 52 and 66 days after transplanting; October to November 2015 in the rice fields of organic and conventional at 44, 52, 59 and 66 days after transplanting, and August to September 2015 from IPM at 28, 37, 44, 52, 59 and 60 days after transplanting. Collection of samples used a modified D-Vac Vacuum. High species richness was found in the convensional rice (7-13 species) from the planting season of April to May 2015, and in the organic rice field (22-33 species) from the planting season of October to November 2015. The IPM rice had 8-16 species with the highest richness occurred at 59 days after transplanting. The high values of species evenness and heterogeneity occurred in the organic rice field in the both of planting seasons April to May 2015 and October to November 2015; whereas of the species evenness and heterogeneity in the IPM system was relatively low. Overall, the organic rice farming ecosystem tend to increase species richness, species evenness, and heterogeneity of the above ground insects.
Kata Kunci : Rice Ecosystems, Biodiversity of insects, Cultivation system.
