KAJIAN SPASIAL EKOLOGIKAL PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA LAHAN BERBASIS SOSIOKULTURAL DI KECAMATAN IMOGIRI KABUPATEN BANTUL

NURUL KHOTIMAH, Prof. Dr. Suratman, M.Sc;Prof. Dr. M. Baiquni, M.A;Prof. Dr. Ir. Chafid Fandeli, M.S

2017 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Lingkungan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Menganalisis karakteristik spasio-sosiokultural masyarakat petani di Kecamatan Imogiri, (2) Menganalisis pengelolaan sumberdaya lahan berbasis sosiokultural masyarakat petani di Kecamatan Imogiri, (3) Menganalisis hubungan karakteristik spasio-sosiokultural masyarakat petani dengan pengelolaan sumberdaya lahan di Kecamatan Imogiri. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Imogiri, yang ditentukan secara purposive. Populasi penelitian ini adalah petani. Sampel penelitian ditentukan dengan metode area proportional random sampling. Sampel penelitian diambil sebanyak 369 petani yang tersebar di 3 (tiga) bentanglahan. Data penelitian berupa data primer dan sekunder. Pengambilan data primer dengan observasi dan wawancara terstruktur, sedangkan data sekunder dengan dokumentasi. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis, analisis pola menekankan pada variasi keruangan (spasial), analisis proses berupa analisis deskriptif kuantitatif berdasarkan data tabel frekuensi, tabel silang, dan hasil uji statistik korelasi rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Karakteristik sosiokultural masyarakat petani di Kecamatan Imogiri secara spasial atau menurut sebaran bentanglahan relatif homogen, dilihat dari 9 (sembilan) karakteristik sosiokultural, yaitu jenis kelamin, umur, pendapatan pertanian, status penguasaan lahan, luas lahan, upacara adat, pranata mangsa, status lahan Sultan Ground, dan kelembagaan. Tingkat sosiokultural masyarakat petani di bentanglahan dataran, perbukitan, dan pegunungan berada pada tingkat sedang, (2) Pengelolaan sumberdaya lahan berbasis sosiokultural masyarakat petani di Kecamatan Imogiri memiliki perbedaan di masing-masing bentanglahan, ada 8 (delapan) faktor pengelolaan sumberdaya lahan yang berbeda, yaitu jenis penggunaan lahan, jenis tanaman pertanian dominan, rotasi tanam, ketersediaan air, produktivitas padi, hasil penjualan padi, sarana prasarana, dan pendidikan. Tingkat pengelolaan sumberdaya lahan di bentanglahan dataran dan perbukitan berada pada tingkat sedang, sedangkan pada bentanglahan pegunungan berada pada tingkat rendah, (3) Hubungan karakteristik sosiokultural masyarakat petani dengan pengelolaan sumberdaya lahan di masing-masing bentanglahan: karakteristik sosiokultural masyarakat petani bentanglahan dataran dan perbukitan yang memiliki hubungan signifikan paling kuat dengan pengelolaan sumberdaya lahan adalah status penguasaan lahan, sedangkan di bentanglahan pegunungan karakteristik sosiokultural masyarakat petani yang memiliki hubungan signifikan paling kuat dengan pengelolaan sumberdaya lahan adalah pendapatan pertanian.

This research aims to: (1) analyzing the characteristics of spatio-sociocultural of farmers community in Imogiri Subdistrict, (2) analyzing the land resources management based on sociocultural of farmers community in Imogiri Subdistrict, (3) analyzing the relationship between the characteristics of spatio-sociocultural of farmers community and the land resource management in Imogiri Subdistrict. The location of the research is in Imogiri Subdistrict, which are determined purposively. The population of the research was farmers. The research samples were determined using area proportional random sampling method. The research sample consists of 369 farmers who are distributed into three landscapes proportionally. The research data comprise of primary and secondary data. The primary data collected using observations and structured interviews, while secondary data collected using documentations. The collected data were analyzed, the patterns analysis of emphasis on spatial variation, the process analysis in the form of quantitative descriptive analysis based on the data of frequency tables, cross tables, and statistics results of Spearman rank correlation. The findings show that: (1) the sociocultural characteristics of farmers community in Imogiri Subdistrict that spatially or by landscapes distribution have similarities in nine characteristics of sociocultural, that is gender, age, farming income, land ownership, land area, traditional ceremonies, pranata mangsa, land status Sultan Ground, and institutional. Level of the sociocultural of farmers communities in plains, hills, and mountains landscape are at the level of "medium", (2) the land resources management based on sociocultural of farmers community in Imogiri Subdistrict has differences in each landscape, there are eight factors land resources management different, that is land use types, dominant agricultural crops types, crops rotation, water availability, rice productivity, sales of rice, infrastructure, and education. Level of land resources management in the plains and hills landscape are at the level of "medium", while in the mountains landscape are at the level of "low", (3) Relationship between the sociocultural characteristics of farmers community and land resources management in each landscapes: the sociocultural characteristics of farmers communities in the plains and hills landscape that has more strength significant relationship with the land resources management was land ownership, while the sociocultural characteristics in the mountains landscape that has more strength significant relationship with the land resources management was farming income

Kata Kunci : Spasial Ekologikal, Bentanglahan, Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Lahan, Sosiokultural