Perbedaan Frekuensi Gangguan Pendengaran Sensori pada Bayi Prematur dibanding Bayi Cukup Bulan di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta

DESTY ANNISA HAPSARI, Dr. dr. Bambang Udji Djoko Rianto, Sp.THT-KL(K), M.Kes ; Dr. dr. Retno Ekantini, Sp.M(K), M.Kes ; dr. Ira Puspitawati, Sp.PK(K), M.Kes

2016 | Skripsi | S1 PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar belakang: Perkembangan kemampuan berbicara, berbahasa, kognitif, sosialemosional dapat terganggu apabila terjadi gangguan pendengaran yang tidak terdeteksi pada masa bayi. Berdasarkan Joint Committee on Infant Hearing, kelahiran prematur adalah salah satu faktor risiko yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan pendengaran pada bayi baru lahir. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan frekuensi gangguan pendengaran sensori pada bayi prematur dibanding bayi lahir cukup bulan. Metode: Rancang penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang (cross sectional). Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder. Data primer diambil dari rekam medis di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta dari bulan Januari 2011 hingga Desember 2014. Kelompok terpapar adalah bayi prematur yang berumur <1 tahun saat dilakukan pemeriksaan OAE. Kelompok tidak terpapar adalah bayi lahir cukup bulan yang berumur <1 tahun saat dilakukan pemeriksaan OAE. Kriteria eksklusi kedua kelompok adalah mengalami infeksi TORCH, terdapat kelainan anatomi, dan trauma saat lahir. Ada tidaknya gangguan pendengaran sensori berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan OAE. Data dianalisis dengan chi-square test dan disajikan dalam bentuk angka (%). Hasil: Terdapat 130 total sampel penelitian, dimana 65 sampel pada kelompok terpapar dan 65 sampel pada kelompok tidak terpapar. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan pada kelompok prematur yang menderita gangguan pendengaran sensori atau SHL positif sebanyak 25 sampel (19,2%), sedangkan yang tidak mengalami gangguan pendengaran sensori atau SHL negatif sebanyak 40 sampel (30,8%). Pada kelompok tidak prematur, terdapat 22 sampel (16,9%) SHL positif dan 43 sampel (33,1%) SHL negatif. Setelah dilakukan uji statistik, perbedaan tersebut dinilai tidak bermakna secara statistik (p=0,584). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara frekuensi ganggguan pendengaran sensori pada bayi prematur dan bayi lahir cukup bulan. Kata kunci: Bayi, Prematuritas, Gangguan Pendengaran Sensori.

Background: Speech, language, cognitive, and social-emotional development could be adversely affected if there is unidentified hearing loss during infancy. Based on Joint Committee on Infant Hearing, prematurity is one of many risk factors associated with hearing loss in newborns. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the frequency difference of sensory hearing loss in premature infants compared to term infants. Method: The study design was cross sectional. This study used secondary data. Primary data were obtained from medical record in RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta from January 2011 to December 2014. The exposed group consisted of premature infants under 1 year old at the time of OAE examination, while the unexposed group included term infants under 1 year old the time of OAE examination. The exclusion criteria of both groups were TORCH infection, anatomical abnormality, and trauma at birth. Whether there was any sensory hearing loss or not was based on OAE examination result. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and presented in the form of number (%). Result: There were 130 samples in total, in which 65 samples were in exposed group and the other 65 samples were in unexposed group. In exposed group, the frequency of sensory hearing loss or SHL positive was 25 samples (19,2%), while the ones with no sensory hearing loss or SHL negative was 40 samples (30,8%). In unexposed group, there were 22 samples (16,9%) with SHL positive and 43 samples (33,1%) were SHL negative. After statistical test, the difference was considered statistically insignificant (p=0,584). Conclusion: There were no significant differences between the frequency of sensory hearing loss in preterm infants and infants born at term. Keywords: Infant, Prematurity, Sensory Hearing Loss.

Kata Kunci : Bayi, Prematuritas, Gangguan Pendengaran Sensori.