KARAKTERISTIK ARANG AKTIF DARI LIMBAH BATANG TANAMAN TEMBAKAU (Nicotiana tabacum L.) SEBAGAI MEDIA PENJERNIH AIR

ESTHER DYAH A, Dr.Ir.J.P.Gentur Sutapa, M.Sc.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Kabupaten Temanggung merupakan daerah penghasil tembakau di Indonesia. Limbah hasil pertanian tembakau yaitu batang tembakau belum dimanfaatkan dengan optimal oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah batang tembakau menjadi bahan baku arang aktif, mengetahui pengaruh variasi suhu aktivasi dan waktu aktivasi yang optimal dalam pembuatan arang aktif, dan mengaplikasikan arang aktif dari kombinasi terbaik untuk penjernihan air sumur. Bahan penelitian berupa limbah batang tembakau diperoleh dari Kabupaten Temanggung. Batang tembakau diarangkan pada suhu 300 derajatC selama 3 jam. Arang tersebut kemudian diaktivasi pada suhu (725 derajat C, 775 derajat C dan 825 derajat C) dan waktu (30 menit, 60 menit dan 90 menit), dengan masing-masing perlakuan lima kali ulangan. Penelitian arang aktif limbah batang tembakau menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (Compeletely Randomized Design) dengan dua faktor perlakuan yaitu suhu dan waktu aktivasi. Parameter yang diuji yaitu rendemen arang aktif berdasar bahan baku arang, kadar air, kadar zat mudah menguap, kadar abu, kadar karbon terikat, daya serap benzena, daya serap iodium, daya serap metilen biru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan arang aktif yang dihasilkan memiliki kualitas sebagai berikut : rendemen arang aktif berdasar bahan baku arang 65,14-75,12%; kadar air 6,82-11,83%; kadar zat mudah menguap 6,80-9,02%; kadar abu 14,07-18,44%; karbon terikat 65,74-69,36%; daya serap benzena 7,37-8,53%; daya serap iodium 484,56-752,70 mg/g dan daya serap metilen biru 141,20-143,67 mg/g. Kombinasi perlakuan yang terbaik didapatkan pada suhu aktivasi 825 derajat C dan waktu aktivasi 90 menit yang menghasilkan rendemen arang aktif berdasar bahan baku arang 65,14%; kadar air 11,83%; kadar zat mudah menguap 5,16%; kadar abu 14,39%; karbon terikat 68,62%; daya serap benzena 8,16%; daya serap iodium 752,70 mg/g dan daya serap metilen biru 143,67 mg/g. Arang aktif dari hasil kombinasi terbaik diaplikasikan pada penjernihan air sumur dan diperoleh hasil parameter warna air 5 Pt-Co (turun 58,33%), pH air 8,07 (naik 3,42%), kadar besi 0,1 mg/L (50%), dan kadar mangan 0,01 mg/L (turun 66,67), sehingga memenuhi standar permenkes RI No.907/Menkes/SK/VII/2002.

Temanggung Regency as a source of tobacco in Indonesia. The waste from tobacco cultivation has not been used optimally by society. This research aims to utilize tobacco stem waste into a raw material for activated carbon, to evaluate the impact of optimum variations of temperature activation and time activation in activated carbon making process, and to apply activated carbon of the best combination for well-water purification. Tobacco Stem waste as the material for this research were collected from Temanggung Regency. Tobacco stem had carbonization at temperature 300 degree C for 3 hours. Then the carbon had activation in temperature (725 degree C, 775 degree C and 825 degree C) and at time (30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes) with five replications for each treatment. The activated carbon research from tobacco stem waste used completely randomized design with 2 factors which are temperature and activation time. Parameter tested such as sucrose content of activated carbon with carbon as materials, moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content, fixed carbon content, benzene adsorptive capacity, iodium adsorptive capacity, and methyline blue adsoptive. The result showed that activated carbon had the following properties: sucrose content activated carbon with carbon as materials of 65.14-75.12%; moisture content of 6.82-11.83%; volatile matter content of 6.80-9.02%; ash content of 14.07-18.44%; fixed carbon of 65.74-69.36%; benzene adsorptive capacity of 7.37-8.53%; iodium adsorptive capacity of 484.56-752.70 mg/g; methyline blue adsorptive capacity of 141.20-143.67 mg/g. The best activated carbon obtained from combination of activation temperature 825 degree C and activation time 90 minutes that produce activated carbon with sucrose content activated carbon with carbon as materials of 65.14%; moisture content of 11.83%; volatile matter content of 5.16%; ash content of 14.39%; fixed carbon of 68.62%; benzene adsorptive capacity of 8.16%; iodium adsorptive capacity of 752.70 mg/g and methyline blue adsorptive capacity of 143.67 mg/g. The result show that activated carbon from the best combination had been applied for well-water purification, in parameter of water colour 5 Pt-Co (decreased by 58,33%), pH 8,07 (increased by 3,42%), Fe content 0,10 mg/L (decreased by 50%) and Mg content 0,01 mg/L (decreased by 66,67%), thus fullfils according to the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No.907/Menkes/SK/VII/2002.

Kata Kunci : Arang Aktif, Batang Tembakau, Suhu Aktivasi, Waktu Aktivasi, Penjernih Air;Activated Carbon, Tobacco Stem, activation temperature, activation time, water purification