PENGARUH VARIASI JUMLAH PEREKAT DAN TEKANAN KEMPA TERHADAP SIFAT BRIKET ARANG DARI DAUN KELAPA (Cocos nucifera) SISA PERSEMBAHYANGAN MASYARAKAT HINDU BALI

DEK KRISHNA RIMBA PRABHU, Dr. Ir. J. P. Gentur Sutapa, M.Sc.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Pulau Bali dikenal dengan upacara adat yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Hindu. Upacara persembahyangan di Bali menggunakan sarana persembahyangan yang terbuat dari janur, dan terdiri dari bunga, daun-daunan, dupa serta bahan-bahan lain yang merupakan bahan organik atau bisa disebut biomassa. Limbah biomassa hasil upacara adat ini belum banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan dan mengolah janur sisa persembahyangan menjadi sumber energi terbarukan berupa briket arang sekaligus mengetahui kombinasi jumlah perekat dan tekanan kempa yang optimal. Bahan penelitian diperoleh dari Pura Jagatnatha Kabupaten Buleleng. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancang acak lengkap (Compeletely Randomized Design) dengan dua faktor perlakuan yaitu tekanan kempa (2000 psi, 2500 psi dan 3000 psi) dan jumlah perekat (4 persen, 6 persen, dan 8 persen), dengan masing-masing perlakuan lima kali ulangan. Pada proses pembuatan briket arang, sebanyak 27gram arang dicampur dengan perekat pati. Perekat pati dibuat dengan mencampur tepung tapioka dan air dengan perbandingan 1:16. Briket arang kemudian diuji kualitas sifat fisik berupa kadar air, berat jenis, dan nilai kalor, serta sifat kimia berupa kadar zat mudah menguap, kadar abu, dan kadar karbon terikat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan briket arang memiliki kualitas sebagai berikut : kadar air 9,04 persen - 10,06 persen; berat jenis 0,552 - 0,666; nilai kalor 6346,38 kalori per gram - 7079,45 kalori per gram; kadar abu 15,30 persen - 19,16 persen; kadar zat mudah menguap 19,05 persen - 34,91 persen; dan kadar karbon terikat 55,17 persen - 37,81 persen. Kombinasi perlakuan yang terbaik didapatkan pada konsentrasi bahan baku perekat 4 persen dan tekanan kempa 2000 psi yang menghasilkan kadar air 9,04 persen; berat jenis 0,552; nilai kalor 7079,45 kalori per gram; kadar abu 18,50 persen; zat mudah menguap 19,05 persen dan kadar karbon terikat 55,17 persen.

Bali is well known about the culture and traditional rituals which held by Hindu community. The religious rituals in Bali used ritual materials that made from young coconut leaves, flowers, leaves, incenses, and other materials. These materials made from organic sources called biomass. The waste from these kinds of biomass have not been widely used. This research aims to utilize and process young coconut leaves from rituals waste to become a renewable energy in the form of charcoal briquette with optimal combination of adhesive amount and clamp pressure. Young coconut leaves were collected in Jagatnatha Shrine, Buleleng Regency. This research use completely randomized design method with two treatments such as clamp pressure (2000 psi, 2500 psi, and 3000 psi) and adhesive amount (4, 6, and 8 percent). One treatment was conducted in five repetitions. In the process of making the charcoal briquette, 27 gram of charcoal was combined with starch adhesive. Starch adhesive was made by heating starch flour and water with ratio 1:16. The charcoal briquette was tested to know its physical characteristics such as moisture content, density, and calorific value, and chemical characteristics such as volatile matter, ash content, and fixed carbon. The result of this research show that charcoal briquette made from young coconut leaves waste has following quality parametres: moisture content 9.035 percent - 10.06 percent; density 0.552 – 0.666; calorific value 6346.38 kalori per gram – 7079.45 kalori per gram; ash content 15.30 percent - 19.16 percent; volatile matter 19,05 percent - 34.91 percent; and fixed carbon 55.17 percent - 37.81 percent. The best combination is 2000 psi clamp press and 4 percent adhesive which result moisture content 9.04 percent; density 0.552; calorific value 7079.45 kalori per gram; ash content 18.50 percent; volatile matter 19,05 percent and fixed carbon 55.17 percent.

Kata Kunci : Janur, Briket Arang, Tekanan Kempa, Jumlah Perekat, Sifat Fisika, Sifat Kimia