UJI DAYA INSEKTISIDAL DAUN TAHI KOTOK (Tagetes erecta L.) SEBAGAI BAHAN DASAR OBAT ANTI NYAMUK ELEKTRIK CAIR TERHADAP MORTALITAS NYAMUK Aedes aegypti DEWASA

SITI BADRIYAH, dr. Tridjoko Hadianto, DTM&H, M.Kes; dr. Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto, M.Sc, Ph.D

2016 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar Belakang: Penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. DBD adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang membewa virus dengue. Pemutusan rantai penularan penyakit DBD salah satunya dapat dengan penggunaan obat anti nyamuk elektrik cair. Untuk menghindari efek buruk dari bahan kimia sintetik, dibutuhkan bahan pengganti dari bahan alami. Salah satu alternatifnya ialah minyak atsiri daun tahi kotok(Tagetes erecta L.). Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui daya bunuh minyak atsiri daun tahi kotok (Tagetes erecta L.) pada konsentrasi 100% sebagai bahan dasar obat anti nyamuk elektrik cair, mengetahui waktu mencapai KT50 dan KT90 antara minyak atsiri daun tahi kotok (Tagetes erecta L.) konsentrasi 100% dan prallethrin 13,16 g/l terhadap mortalitas nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Metode penelitian: Quasi experimental dengan post test only group design. Nyamuk dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok perlakuan, kelompok I (kontrol negatif), kelompok II (minyak atsiri daun tahi kotok 100%), kelompok III (kontrol positif). Nyamuk diamati sampai mengalami knockdown pada KT50 dan KT90. Hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan analisis probit. Hasil pengamatan: Pada kelompok I (kontrol negatif), terdapat satu ekor nyamuk mati. Pada kelompok II (minyak tagetes) didapatkan KT50 dan KT90 adalah 148,58 dan 187,92 menit. Pada kelompok III (kontrol positif) didapatkan KT50 dan KT90 adalah 64,21 dan 109,83 menit. Dengan batas kepercayaan 95%. Kesimpulan: Minyak atsiri daun tahi kotok (Tagetes erecta L.) konsentrasi 100% memiliki daya bunuh terhadap nyamuk Aedes aegypti, namun daya bunuhnya tidak lebih baik dibandingkan dengan prallethrin 13,16 g/l.

Background: Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a disease that became a problem in public health in Indonesia. The morbidity of DHF is high. DHF is caused by Aedes aegypti bites. To prevent the transmission, vector control is needed. One of the most common methode is electric liquid vaporizer. Basic compound which are less toxic to humans and environment, such tagetes oil (Tagetes erecta L.) is preferred. Objectives: To know the killing effect of tagetes oil (Tagetes erecta L.) 100% concentration as basic compound of electric liquid vaporizer, knockdown time (KT50 and KT90). And to know the comparation of KT50 and KT90 between tagetes oil and prallethrin 13,16 g/l againts Aedes aegypti. Methods: This experiment using Quasi experimental with post test only group design. Subject were devided into 3 groups: group I (negative control), group II (tagetel oil 100% concentration), and group III (positive control). Each group using 25 Aedes aegypti aged 2-5 days. Mosquitoes were put in an experiment room previously exposed with electric liquid vaporizer based on the groups. Test replication were done 3 times. Knockdown time (KT50 and KT90) were observed. Observation result were analyzed using Probit Analysis. Results: The result showed that from group I (negative control), there was one mosquito knocked down in third replication. While in first and second replication knockdown result were not obtained. From group II (Tagetes oil), KT50 was recorded in 148,58 minutes and KT90 in 187,92 minutes. From group III (positive control), KT50 was recorded in 64,21 and KT90 in 109,83 with 95% CI. Conclusion: Tagetes oil has insecticidal effect againts Aedes aegypti, but the effect of tagetes oil were not better than prallethrin 13,16 g/l.

Kata Kunci : Aedes aegypti, Obat nyamuk elektrik cair, Tagetes erecta L.