Prevalensi Dermatitis Kontak Akibat Kerja di Industri Batik Tradisional Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

NATALIA CHRISTINA A, dr. Sri Awalia Febriana, M.Kes., Sp.KK., PhD ; dr. Fajar Waskito, M.Kes., Sp.KK(K) ; dr. Niken Indrastuti, Sp.KK(K)

2017 | Skripsi | S1 PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar Belakang : Industri pakaian terutama industri batik di Indonesia saat ini sedang mengalami kemajuan pesat dan Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara penghasil batik utama di dunia. Industri batik tersebut juga tidak luput dari kejadian dermatitis kontak akibat kerja yang saat ini kejadiannya semakin meningkat. Namun, kejadian dermatitis kontak akibat kerja tersebut jarang dilaporkan sehingga penyakit tersebut kurang diperhatikan. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka prevalensi dermatitis kontak akibat kerja, dermatitis kontak alergi, dan dermatitis kontak iritan di industri batik tradisional Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan sudi observasional deskriptif. Data yang digunakan adalah hasil kuesioner, pemeriksaan fisik dan uji tempel pada seluruh pekerja batik di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta yang termasuk dalam kriteria inklusi. Hasil : Dari 222 pekerja batik, didapatkan 80 orang (36,04%) menderita dermatitis kontak akibat kerja (DKAK) dan uji tempel dilakukan pada 48 pekerja (21,62%) yang mengalami DKAK. Terdapat 25 pekerja (11,26%) yang didiagnosis dermatitis kontak alergi (DKA) dan 23 pekerja (10,36%) yang didiagnosis sebagai penderita dermatitis kontak iritan (DKI). Kesimpulan : Prevalensi DKA dan DKI pada industri batik tradisional menunjukkan angka yang hampir sama.

Background : The apparel industries, especially batik industries in Indonesia are currently experiencing rapid progress, in which Indonesia is one of the main manufacturer in the world. Incidence of occupational contact dermatitis is also occurred in batik industries, which the incidence is increasing. However, the incidence of occupational contact dermatitis is rarely reported so the disease is less noticed. Objective : The objective of this research is to observe the prevalence of occupational contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, and irritant contact dermatitis in traditional batik industries in Special Region of Yogyakarta. Methods : This research is a descriptive observational study. Data were taken from questionnaires, physical examinations, and patch tests among batik workers in Special Region of Yogyakarta whom were included in the inclusion criteria. Results : Among 222 batik workers in this research, 80 workers (36,04%) were diagnosed having occupational contact dermatitis and patch tests performed on 48 workers (21,67%). There are 25 workers (11,26%) who were diagnosed as allergic contact dermatitis and 23 workers (10,36%) diagnosed as irritant contact dermatitis. Conclusion : Prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis in traditional batik industries showed the fairly same results.

Kata Kunci : prevalensi, dermatitis kontak akibat kerja, dermatitis kontak alergi, dermatitis kontak iritan, batik tradisional.