PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK MEDIA PENGAKARAN, KONSENTRASI HORMON IBA DAN KLON BERBEDA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERAKAR DAN ANATOMI SEL STEK PUCUK Tectona grandis Linn.f

SAWITRI, Prof. Dr. Ir. Mohammad Na'iem, M.Agr.Sc

2016 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Perhutanan klon dibangun dengan menggunakan bibit unggul berkualitas secara genotip maupun fenotip. Untuk mempertahankan sifat unggul tersebut maka teknik pembiakan vegetatif stek dilakukan. Kendalanya adalah kesulitan berakar pada beberapa klon tanaman. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media pengakaran, konsentrasi hormon IBA, dan jenis klon serta interaksinya terhadap kemampuan berakar, mempelajari variasi anatomi sel batang antar klon berbeda dan hubungannya dengan kemampuan berakar stek. Rancangan Petak-Petak Terbagi digunakan dengan petak utama berupa media pengakaran (cocopeat+sekam padi 2:1; tanah+pasir+kompos 3:2:1), anak petak berupa konsentrasi hormon IBA (0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm), dan anak-anak petak berupa jenis klon (11 klon). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media pengakaran memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap kemampuan berakar, panjang akar sekunder, dan biomassa batang dan daun stek pucuk jati. Media cocopeat (2)+sekam padi (1) memberikan hasil persentase kemampuan berakar terbaik (70,53%). Konsentrasi hormon IBA berpengaruh nyata terhadap kemampuan berakar, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap variabel pengamatan lain. Konsentrasi hormon IBA 150 ppm memberikan kemampuan berakar terbaik. Variasi klon memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap kemampuan berakar, panjang akar primer dan sekunder, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata pada variabel pengamatan lain. Tiga klon dengan respon terbaik terhadap pengakaran adalah klon WG2, WG1, dan F16. Interaksi ketiga perlakuan berpengaruh nyata terhadap variabel kemampuan berakar terbaik (media pengakaran cocopeat+sekam padi dengan konsentrasi hormon IBA 150 ppm dan klon WG2), biomassa akar terbaik (media pengakaran tanah+pasir+kompos dengan konsentrasi hormon IBA 150 ppm dan jenis klon D15), biomassa batang dan daun terbaik (media pengakaran tanah+pasir+kompos dengan konsentrasi hormon IBA 50 ppm dan jenis klon A10). Terdapat variasi jumlah pembuluh dan luas area pembuluh antar klon yang berbeda. Namun demikian anatomi sel batang tidak memiliki hubungan yang searah dengan kemampuan berakar. Pada penelitian ini, jumlah pembuluh dan luas area pembuluh yang medium (WG2=18; 10.114 mikro m2, F16=18; 11.726 mikro m2) memberikan persentase kemampuan berakar yang terbaik.

Clonal forestry was established using the best genotypes and phenotypes seeds. In order to maintain the superior quality, cutting was used in vegetative propagation. The major problem in vegetative propagation was the difficulty of some clone to rooted. This study was conducted with the main purpose of determination of the most suitable rooting media, IBA hormone concentration, clones, and their interactions on rooting of teak cuttings. In addition, this research study about the variation of stem cell anatomy in various clones and their relationship with rooting ability. Split-split plot design was used in this research. Treatment of rooting media (cocopeat+rice husk 2:1; soil+sand+compost 3:2:1) was the main plot, the sub plot was IBA hormone concentration (0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm), and clones (11 clones) was the sub-sub plot. Results showed that rooting media gave a significant effects on rooting ability, the length of secondary root, and above ground biomass of teak cuttings. The highest rooting percentage was obtained in cuttings treated with cocopeat+rice husk 2:1 (70,53%). IBA hormone concentration significantly affected the rooting ability, but not the other variables. The highest concentration (150 ppm) gave the best results on rooting ability. Clones also gave significant effects on rooting ability, the length of primary and secondary root, but not the other variables. The best 3 clones were WG2, WG1, and F16. Their interaction gave a significant effects on the best rooting ability (cocopeat+rice husk, 150 ppm IBA hormone concentration, WG2 clone), the highest root biomass (soil+sand+compost, 150 ppm IBA hormone concentration, D15 clone), and the highest above biomass (soil+sand+compost, 50 ppm IBA concentration, A10 clone). There were variations in the number of vessels and vessels area in different clones. However, the stem cell anatomy did not show a positive relationship with the rooting ability. In this study, the medium number of vessels and vessels area (WG2=18; 10.114 micrometersquare, F16=18; 11.726 micrometersquare) gave the highest rooting ability percentage.

Kata Kunci : media, hormone, teak clone, rooting, cell anatomy