SITOTOKSISITAS GOLONGAN SENYAWA BIOAKTIF EKSTRAK CAMPURAN AKAR, BATANG, DAN DAUN MEKAI (Albertisia papuana Becc.) TERHADAP SEL KANKER PAYUDARA T47D SERTA APOPTOSIS DAN SIKLUS SEL

PUJI FITRIA ZAINAL, Prof. Dr. L. Hartanto Nugroho, M.Agr.

2016 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Kanker payudara merupakan jenis kasus kanker tertinggi pada perempuan di dunia. Strategi penemuan obat antikanker melalui eksplorasi senyawa bahan alam menggunakan ethnobotanical biospropecting approach. Mekai (Albertisia papuana Becc.) telah digunakan oleh masyarakat Dayak untuk pengobatan berbagai penyakit termasuk kanker. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui golongan senyawa toksik tumbuhan A. papuana Becc. terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D. Sampel campuran akar, batang, daun diekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan pelarut kloroform dan metanol. Uji sitotoksisitas ekstrak dengan metode MTT assay. Ekstrak paling toksik difraksinasi secara VLC (Vacuum Liquid Chromatography). Semua fraksi dimonitor dengan KLT, profil dengan kromatogram yang mirip digabung. Fraksi gabungan diuji sitotoksisitasnya terhadap sel T47D. Fraksi gabungan paling toksik diKLT Preparatif dan sitotoksisitas terhadap sel T47D diuji lagi. Penentuan IC50 ekstrak/fraksi/pita KLT Preparatif menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2007. Sitotoksisitas ekstrak kloroform dan metanol A.papuana Becc. terhadap sel T47D tidak berbeda signifikan yaitu 214,5 µg/ml dan 193,8 µg/ml. Proses VLC dari ekstrak kloroform fraksi gabungan paling toksik yaitu yang dielusi dengan etil asetat - metanol (F1.C5) dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 468,7 µg/ml. Hasil KLT Preparatif diperoleh pita paling toksik yaitu pita paling atas (F2.C14) dengan IC50 sebesar 39,9 µg/ml. Pita paling toksik mengandung senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin dan terpenoid. Pita paling toksik (F2.C14) mampu menginduksi kematian sel kanker payudara secara apoptosis dan mampu menghambat siklus sel T47D pada fase G0-G1.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. The strategy of anticancer drug discovery through compound exploration using natural ingredients from ethnobotanical biospropecting approach. Mekai (Albertisia papuana Becc.) had been used by Dayak community for medicinal treatment of various diseases including cancer. The purpose of this study is to find the most toxic fraction of plant A. papuana Becc. to T47D breast cancer cells. Samples of mixed roots stems, and leaves were extracted by maceration using chloroform and methanol solvents. Tested its cytotoxicity to T47D cells by MTT assay method. The most toxic extract was fractionated using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) method, all of these fractions were monitored by TLC, the similar chromatograms profiles were combined. The combined fractions were tested its cytotoxicity to T47D cells. The most toxic of combined fraction was separated with Preparative TLC, then its cytotoxicity was tested to T47D cells again. The determination of IC50 extracts/fractions/bands of preparative TLC used Microsoft Excel 2007. There was no significant difference in the cytotoxicity of chloroform and methanol extracts A.papuana Becc. against T47D cells of 214,5 µg/ml and 193,8 µg/ml. The most toxic chloroform extract was fraction which eluted with ethyl acetate - methanol (F1.C5) and the most toxic band was the top band (F2.C14) had IC50 of 214 µg/ml and 39,9 µg/ml respectively. The compounds in the most toxic band were alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, and terpenoid. The most toxic band (F2.C14) was able to inhibit T47D cell cycles on G0-G1phase.

Kata Kunci : Albertisia papuana Becc., ekstraksi, fraksinasi, KLTP, sitotoksisitas