TEKNOLOGI BIOMATRICONDITIONING UMBI UNTUK PENINGKATAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BAWANG MERAH DI LAHAN PASIR PANTAI

STEFANY DARSAN, Dr. Ir. Endang Sulistyaningsih, M.Sc.; Dr.Ir. Arif Wibowo, M.Agr.Sc.

2016 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Teknologi matriconditioning merupakan perlakuan benih dengan media padatan yang dilembabkan dapat berupa arang sekam dan serbuk bata merah yang kemudian dapat dicampurkan dengan agens hayati Trichoderma yang disebut teknik biomatriconditioning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan mendapatkan perlakuan teknologi biomatriconditioning yang paling efektif meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah dilahan pasir pantai. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak Kelompok lengkap faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah kultivar bawang merah : Tiron, Crok dan Biru. Faktor kedua teknik perlakuan Biomatriconditionig : tanpa perlakuan Trichoderma, Trichoderma semprot, Trichoderma rendam, serbuk arang sekam + Trichoderma (Biomatrionditioning) dan serbuk bata merah + Trichoderma (Biomatrionditioning) dengan demikian terdapat 15 kombinasi perlakuan. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 45 unit percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan teknologi biomatriconditioning mampu meningkatkan viabilitas dan vigor serta pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah dilahan pasir pantai. Biomatriconditioning arang sekam dengan Trichoderma maupun bata merah dengan Trichoderma dapat meningkatkan viabilitas dan vigor meliputi : daya berkecambah, potensi tumbuh maksimum, keserempakan tumbuh, indeks vigor, kecepatan tumbuh. Pertumbuhan dan hasil meliputi : bobot kering daun, indeks luas daun, jumlah daun, klorofil a, klorofil B, klorofil total, aktivitas nitrat reduktase, jumlah umbi, diameter umbi dan keberadaan Trichoderma. Kombinasi yang terbaik untuk kultivar Tiron dan Crok adalah biomatriconditioning serbuk arang sekam yang diperkaya dengan Trichoderma. Sedangkan untuk kultivar Biru adalah biomatriconditioning serbuk bata merah yang diperkaya dengan Trichoderma. Ketiga kombinasi perlakuan tersebut mampu meningkatkan kandungan air tanaman, panjang akar, luas akar, bobot segar umbi, bobot kering umbi, bobot kering total tanaman, bobot produksi dan menekan kejadian penyakit moler.

Biomatriconditioning technology is a seed treatment with moistened solid media such as ground burned rice husk or ground brick in combination with Trichoderma. The aim of the study was to determine the most effective treatment biomatriconditioning technology to improve the growth and yield of shallot in sandy costal land. The study was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial. The first factor was the shallot cultivars: Tiron, Crok, and Biru. The second factor was the technology of biomatriconditioning: ground burned rice husk in combination with Trichoderma, matriconditioning media i.e ground brick in combination with Trichoderma, non-treated, sprayed Trichoderma and soaked Trichoderma. There were 15 combinations of treatments with three replications. The results showed techniques biomatriconditioning increased viability, vigor as well as the growth and yield shallot of on sandy coastal land. Techniques of biomatriconditioning media with brick in combination with Trichoderma increased viability and vigor include : germination rate, growth potential, growing simultaneity, vigor index and the speed of growth. The growth and yield of shallot include (leaves dry weight, leaf area index, number of leaf, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll total, nitrate reductase activities, number of bulb, bulb diameter) and increased the presence of Trichoderma. The suitable biomatriconditioning for Tiron and Crok were ground burned rice husk rice riched by Trichoderma. While biomatriconditioning for Biru was ground brick riched by Trichoderma. Those techniques were able to increase the water content 1 week age of plant after planting, root length, root area, bulb fresh weight, bulb dry weight bulb, plant total dry weight, production weight and decreased incidence of moler.

Kata Kunci : Bawang merah, Biomatriconditioning, Pasir pantai, Trichoderma/Shallot, Sandy Soil, Seed, Trichoderma