Perbedaan perilaku anak prasekolah berdasarkan pola pengasuhan

TRI SONDANG K.S., dr. Retno Sutomo, Ph.D, Sp.A(K); dr. Nurnaningsih Sp.A(K)

2016 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Klinik

Latar belakang. Perkembangan anak, termasuk perkembangan perilaku dan psikologis, merupakan hal penting yang harus menjadi perhatian bagi orang tua; karena akan mempengaruhi masa depan anak. Dasar-dasar pembentukan kepribadian dan perilaku ditentukan oleh apa yang dialami serta dihayati dalam 5-6 tahun pertama. Pola asuh merupakan proses di dalam keluarga dan merupakan interaksi orang tua dan anak. Pola asuh orang tua diyakini mempengaruhi perilaku anak. Tujuan. Mengkaji perbedaan proporsi kejadian gangguan perilaku anak usia prasekolah berdasar perbedaan pola pengasuhan orang tua. Metode. Kami melakukan penelitian observasional analitis dengan design cross sectional di Yogyakarta antara Maret-April 2014. Pola asuh orang tua dan perilaku anak masing-masing dinilai dengan the parenting scale dan strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). Kriteria inklusi ialah anak usia prasekolah usia 3-6 tahun dan orang tua setuju ikut penelitian. Subjek dieksklusi bila pengisian perangkat penelitian dinilai tidak lengkap. Perbedaan proporsi gangguan perilaku antara pola asuh demokratis dan non-demokratis dianalisis dengan uji chi square. Hasil.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kedua pola asuh berhubungan dengan kejadian gangguan perilaku. Proporsi kejadian gejala emosional anak usia prasekolah sebesar 18,2% pada pola asuh demokratis dan 61,8% pada pola asuh non-demokratis (p=0,00), kejadian conduct problem anak usia prasekolah sebesar 20% pada pola asuh demokratis dan 43,6% pada pola asuh non-demokratis (p=0,01), kejadian hiperaktif anak usia prasekolah sebesar 3,6% pada pola asuh demokratis dan 56,4% pada pola asuh non-demokratis (p=0,00), dan kejadian peer relationship problem anak usia prasekolah sebesar 12,7% pada pola asuh demokratis dan 89,1% pada pola asuh non-demokratis (p=0,00). Kesimpulan.Pola pengasuhan yang berbeda akan menghasilkan perilaku yang berbeda pula.

Background. It is important for parents to concern to child development, including behavioral and psychological development, since it determines the child's future. Foundation for child behavior and personality is mainly based on internalization of their experiences within the first 5-6 years. Parenting involves interaction of parents and children whitin family unit. Parenting style has been suggested to be associated with a child behavior. Aim. This study was aimed to analyze the difference in prevalence of preschool child behaviors by parenting style Method. We conduct analytical observational study with cross-sectional design in Yogyakarta between March-April 2014. Parenting styles and child behaviors were assessed by the parenting scale and strength and difficulty questionnaire, respectively. Inclusion criteria are preschoolers aged 3-6 years and their parents agreed to join the study. Subjects with incomplete fulfillment of the questionnaires were excluded from the study. The difference in child behavior between democratic and non-democratic parenting style is analyzed by chi square test. Results. The results showed both parenting associated with the incidence of behavioral disorders. The proportion of emotional symptoms by 18.2% on a democratic parenting and 61.8% in non-democratic parenting (p = 0.00), the incidence of conduct problems by 20% in the democratic upbringing and 43.6% in non-parenting -democratic (p = 0.01), the incidence of hyperactive children by 3.6% on a democratic parenting and 56.4% in non-democratic parenting (p = 0.00), and peer relationship problems incidence of 12.7 % on democratic parenting and 89.1% in non-democratic parenting (p = 0.00). Conclusion. Different parenting patterns will produce different behavior .

Kata Kunci : pola asuh, perilaku anak, SDQ