Pengaruh Cross-linker dan Penambahan Alginat terhadap Karakteristik Pelepasan Sinamaldehid pada Pectin Edible Film

VENITALITYA A. S. A., Sang Kompiang Wirawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D.; Yuni Kusumastuti, S.T., M.Eng., D.Eng.

2016 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Kimia

Pektin merupakan polisakarida yang tersusun atas gugus galakturonat dengan banyak kegunaan pada industri makanan, farmasi, salah satunya adalah sebagai bahan baku pembuatan edible film, serta sebagai media pada sistem penghantaran obat atau lebih dikenal sebagai drug delivery system (DDS). Beberapa faktor dapat mengontrol sistem penghantaran obat pada suatu film, yaitu jenis serta jumlah biopolimer dan cross-linker yang digunakan. Pada penelitian ini, alginat ditambahkan pada pembuatan film untuk meningkatkan karakteristik fisik dan karakteristik pelepasan obat dari film tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh cross-linker dan penambahan alginat pada karakteristik pectin edible film serta karakteristik pelepasan obat pada film tersebut. Senyawa sinamaldehid digunakan sebagai model obat. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahapan utama: (1) pembuatan edible film dengan variasi konsentrasi pektin dan alginat (P/A) sebesar 1:0; 2:1; dan 1:1 serta variasi konsentrasi cross-linker sebesar 0; 0,01; 0,02; dan 0,03 g/mL; (2) pengukuran tingkat pelepasan obat dari film/membran. Pengukuran karakteristik fisik edible film meliputi tebal film, kemampuan swelling, mikrostruktur dengan scanning electron microscopy (SEM) dan fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, kuat tarik, serta persen pemanjangan. Tebal film berkisar antara 0,09 - 0,15 mm. Penambahan konsentrasi cross-linker dan alginat cenderung menurunkan persentase swelling pada kisaran 34,24 - 270,105%. Kuat tarik semakin meningkat dengan penambahan konsentrasi cross-linker pada komposisi biopolimer yang sama, tetapi semakin menurun pada penambahan konsentrasi alginat pada komposisi cross-linker yang sama. Nilai koefisien difusivitas cenderung menurun dengan peningkatan konsentrasi cross-linker dan alginat. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh konsentrasi cross-linker dan alginat terhadap penghambatan laju pelepasan obat sinamaldehid. Nilai De berkisar antara (0,9182 - 267,95) x 10^-10 cm^2/s. Nilai HA berkisar antara (0,2826 - 3,8808) x 10^3.

Pectin is a polysaccharide compound composed by galacturonate groups. It is widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries, such as raw material in edible film production and drug delivery system (DDS) agent. Several factors determining its drug delivery system capacity are types and/or amount of biopolymer and cross-linker used in film production. In this study, alginate was added in film production to improve physical and drug release characteristics of the film. The purposes of this study were to measure the effects of cross-linker and alginate on characteristics of pectin edible film and its drug release. Cinnamaldehyde was used as drug model. The experiments were conducted in two main steps: (1) edible film production at various crosslinker concentrations of 0; 0,01; 0,02; and 0,03 g/mL and various alginate concentration (P/A) of 1:0; 2:1; and 1:1, (2) measurement of drug release from the films. Observed film physical characteristics were thickness, swelling tendency, surface properties by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, as well as mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and percent of elongation. Result showed that film thickness was around 0.09 - 0.15 mm. The lowest film swelling percentage was obtained by cross-linker and alginate addition. Film swelling was around 34.24 - 270.105%. Tensile strength increased at higher cross-linker concentration in constant biopolymer concentration. On the other hand, tensile strength decreased at higher alginate concentration in constant cross-linker concentration. Diffusivity coefficient value decreased with increasing cross-linker and alginate concentration. These results indicated that rate of drug release is influenced by cross-linker and alginate addition. The parameters were estimated by mathematical model; and simulation generated diffusivity coefficient (De) values of (0.9182 - 267.95) x 10^-10 cm^2/s, while HA values were around (0.2826 - 3.8808) x 10^3.

Kata Kunci : alginat, cross-linker, drug delivery system, pectin edible film