PENGARUH LAMA PEMAKAIAN KAWAT STAINLESS STEEL PADA PERAWATAN ORTODONTI TERHADAP GAYA FRIKSI DAN KEKASARAN PERMUKAAN

S. ADELIA SUSANTO, drg. Christnawati, M.Kes, Sp.Ort (K); Dr.drg.Sri Suparwitri, SU, Sp.Ort(K)

2016 | Tesis-Spesialis | SP ORTODONSIA

Penggunaan kawat busur stainless steel selama beberapa minggu dalam lingkungan rongga mulut dapat mengubah morfologi, struktur dan komposisi kawat sehingga mempengaruhi karakteristik mekanis. Gaya yang ringan dan kontinyu diperlukan terutama saat mekanisme pergeseran perawatan ortodonti dengan meminimalkan gaya friksi yang dihasilkan oleh interaksi antara kawat busur, braket dan ligatur. Studi terdahulu mengemukakan peran kekasaran permukaan kawat stainless steel dengan gaya friksi yang dihasilkan. Keberadaan saliva, pH, flora rongga mulut beserta produknya akan mempengaruhi kawat busur dan efek tersebut tidak dapat disimulasi secara in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh lama pemakaian kawat stainless steel secara intraoral terhadap gaya friksi dan kekasaran permukaan. Studi ini melibatkan 20 subjek yang sedang menjalani perawatan ortodonti dengan menggunakan kawat busur stainless steel 0,016 x 0,016 inci selama 4 minggu dan 8 minggu. Kelompok sampel dibagi menjadi 3, yaitu kelompok kawat stainless steel baru, kelompok kawat setelah penggunaan intraoral selama 4 minggu dan kelompok kawat setelah penggunaan intraoral 8 minggu. Uji friksi dan uji kekasaran permukaan dilakukan terhadap 3 kelompok sampel, masing-masing 10 potongan kawat. Pengamatan dengan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) dilakukan terhadap 1 sampel setiap kelompok. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANAVA satu jalur dan Post hoc (p<0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh lama pemakaian intraoral terhadap gaya friksi dan kekasaran permukaan, dengan peningkatan signifikan terdapat pada kelompok kawat setelah pemakaian 8 minggu jika dibandingkan kawat baru. Pengamatan dengan SEM mengindikasikan adanya peningkatan korosi, porositas dan delaminasi permukaan kawat. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat peningkatan gaya friksi dan kekasaran permukaan kawat busur setelah pemakaian intraoral, sehingga pemakaian berulang kawat stainless steel setelah 8 minggu tidak dianjurkan karena dapat mengurangi efektivitas perawatan.

Stainless steel archwire usage for several weeks in intraoral environment may alter its morphology, structure and composition, consequently affects its mechanical characteristics. Light and continuous force are required in orthodontic sliding mechanism by minimizing friction force generated by from the archwire, bracket and ligature interaction. Previous studies emphasized surface roughness role in stainless steel archwire friction force. The presence of saliva, pH, oral microflora and their products are able to affect the archwires and those effects can not be simulated in vitro. This study aimed to learn the outcome of long term time use of stainless steel archwire in orthodontic treatment on friction force and surface roughness. This study included 20 subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment using 0.016 x 0.016 inch stainless steel archwire for 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Sample groups were divided into 3, as received stainless steel archwire group, 4 weeks intraoral used archwire group and 8 weeks intraoral used archwire group. Friction and surface roughness test were done on all of the sample groups, which consisted 10 wire segments each. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observation was done to 1 sample of each group. Datas were analyzed using one way ANOVA and Post hoc (p<0.05). The results showed that there was outcome of intraorally long term time use on stainless steel archwire friction force and surface roughness, with significant increase on the 8 weeks used archwires compared to the as received wires. SEM observation indicated increase of corrosion, porous and archwires surface delamination, as well cromium oxide decrease after intraoral use. This study concludes that there is an increase on friction force and surface roughness after intraoral usage, therefore stainless steel archwire reusing after 8 weeks is not recommended due to lack of treatment effectivity.

Kata Kunci : friksi, kekasaran permukaan, intraoral aging, stainless steel, topografi, friction, surface roughness, intraoral aging, stainless steel, topography